試論王船山《莊子解》──以道與氣為中心

An Analysis of Wang Chuan-Shan's Zhuang Zi Jie: Centered on Dao and Qi

王船山《莊子解》在歷代《莊子》註解中，具有非常重要的地位。船山以其氣學的觀念，對《莊子》之道與氣提出特別的解釋。其用意及理論依據，是一個值得研究的問題。本文首先說明王船山對道之解釋，包括：萬物自為本根，道不是獨立自存的形上實體，也不是萬物的主宰，而只是氣化過程中的規律。其次說明船山對氣的解釋，以及氣化過程具有道德內涵，是一個價值實現的過程。此外今人有關王船山《易》《莊》相通的說法，是否恰當？也一併討論，最後作一整體的檢討與評價，期能由此了解《莊子解》之理論基礎及其思想特色。

Wang Chuan-Shan's “Zhuang Zi Jie” play a very important role on the commentaries of “Zhuang Zi”. Wang has special explanations on Zhuang Zi's Dao and Qi in his concepts of Qi. His purpose and theory basis are worthwhile to study. Firstly, this article will explain Wang's interpretations on Dao including : everything is its own root and Dao is not independently existing reality, nor the master of everything ; it is the order of the process of the movement of Qi. Secondly, this article will explain Wang's interpretations on Qi, and the process of the movement of Qi having morality meaning is a process of fulfilling values. In addition, whether the interlink between Wang Chuan- Shan's “The Book of changes” and “Zhuang Zi” is a proper argument will also be discussed. In the end, an overall examination will be made to understand the theory basis and thought characteristic of “Zhuang Zi Jie”.