本體與實體：湯用彤的魏晉玄學詮釋與西學

Benti and Substance: Tang Yongtong's Interpretation of the Wei-Jin Xuanxue and Western Philosophy

湯用彤 （1893-1964） 可說是第一位在漢代哲學的宇宙論與魏晉玄學的本體論之間畫出嚴格區分的學者。簡言之，玄學為本體論，而漢學則為宇宙論或宇宙構成論。漢人寓天道於物理，魏晉黜天道而究本體；於是脫離漢代宇宙之論，而留連於存存本本之真。學界對於這一區分一直存在著爭議，更有不同的解讀與評價，本文探討湯用彤玄學研究中相關的「本體」與「實體」的語言詮釋用法，並試圖說明在玄學研究中所扮演的意義。

Tang Yongtong (1893-1964) is the first scholar to mark the “ontological” difference between Han philosophy and Wei-Jin Xuanxue. The Han philosophy concerned with cosmology or cosmogony (漢代宇宙之論), the Wei-Jin xuanxue dealt with ontology or theory of being(存存本本之真). However, controversy and ambiguity remain in his explanation, modern scholars have different understanding and evaluation of the concept of benti. The author in this article offers a further discussion of Tang Yongtong's different interpretations of the concept of ontology ( beni lun ) and substance.