論詮釋古典文本之可能性條件：超越「相對主義」與「客觀主義」對立之詮釋方法初探──以對《道德經》之詮釋為例

On the conditions of possibility of the interpretation of ancient classics: an attempt to have an interpretive methodology beyond Relativism and Objectivism –Daodejing as an example

本文試圖以對《道德經》的詮釋為例，找出任何對古典之詮釋之為可能的條件。在第一節中，本文提出「詮釋即詮釋活動，故必是詮釋者本位的」，反對把「詮釋」理解為對外在於詮釋活動之對象的詮釋。第二節本文以一種「直觀」理解活動試圖處理詮釋的規範性問題，由此反對詮釋之相對主義的理解。在第三節，本文認為理解文本之內在概念語境的可能在於有一個同時建構詮釋者與詮釋內容的建構性語境，由是詮釋者有其與文本共同參與文本內容的積極身分，因此離開了詮釋之客觀主義的理解。最後，在對文本之間接卻同樣是構成性的意義層面作出理解後，詮釋者得以發現文本的「現實關懷」並因而其「基源問題」。透過種種梳理與辨析，本文希望找到一種方法，使「文本」得以成為通向「思想」的直接理據。

This essay, using Daodejing as an example, focuses on a discussion of the conditions of possibility of interpreting ancient classics. The first chapter articulates the basic claim “interpretation as acts of interpretation, thus necessarily interpreter-oriented” as against the idea that interpretation is the interpretation of an object extrinsic to any process of interpretation. The second chapter attempts to establish normativity of interpretation by setting forth a kind of “intuiting” acts, thus rejecting the relativistic understanding of interpretation. The final chapter argues that there exists a “constitutive context” constituting both the content of text and the interpreter, which makes possible the understanding of the conceptual context of the text, thus rejecting the objectivist understanding of interpretation, for now interpreter has a way to participate into the content of the text together with the text itself. Finally, by understanding the indirect but equally constitutive aspect(s) of the text, the interpreter is able to discover the practical concern therefore the “original question” of the text. Through all these, the fundamental motivation for this paper is to discover a way through which the “text” can be understood as the direct rationale toward understanding of its “thoughts”.