聞道尊孟軻，為學法荀卿：牟宗三的經典詮釋觀

Mou Zongsan on Canon-interpretation

本文要探討牟宗三先生關於經典詮釋的立場與觀點。牟先生的構想建立在明儒王龍溪與德哲康德的基礎之上。牟先生連結王龍溪的悟道三分說（解悟、證悟與澈悟）以及康德對認識主體的三層區分（感性、知性與理性），由此提出其理解三分說，此即感性、知性與理性的理解。我嘗試說明，牟先生的這種區分是近於朱熹的。朱熹的倫理學觀點被牟先生批評為倫理學的他律，但朱子自己在解經立場上卻主張一種語意學的自主性，並以文本意義理解為先，義理與生命的理解為重。牟先生的理解三分說是符合朱子的，其說可視為倫理學自律與詮釋學自主的綜合。

This paper explores the viewpoint of canon-interpretation of Mou Zongsan. Mou's doctrine is based on Wang Longxi's “Three Levels of Dao-understanding” and Kant's “Three Aspects of Subject”. Mou uses theses thoughts of Wang and Kant to develop his “Three Levels of Canon-understanding,” namely sensible, intellectual and rational understanding. I try to explicate that Mou's hermeneutics is very close to Zhuxi. Zhuxi's ethical thought is criticized by Mou as heteronomy, but Zhu's hermeneutical standpoint is a kind of semantic autonomy. He claims that we have to firstly grasp the meaning of canon-texts, and then we can further understand the truth of canon and our lives. Mou's “Three Levels of Canonunderstanding”, which can be regarded as a synthesis between ethical and hermeneutic autonomy, is entirely in accord with Zhuxi's “process of understanding”.