王船山對於《孟子．口之於味章》的詮釋──以《讀四書大全說》為據

Interpretation of Wang Chuanshan on Meng Zi: with the Mouth and Flavors: Using Complete Explanations of the Study of the Four Books as the Referenc

本文對於船山詮釋孟子「口之於味章」作一解說，其中的性與命的概念，對於解通孟子義理扮演著關鍵性的角色，而至於性與命的詮釋如何，卻在歷代的各家詮釋中有不同的解說方向，因為有人上講，也有人下講，即把性義講的高與低，而此性義關係到孟子對生命的見解，上講則生命進到道德性，下講則生命只是於口腹之欲，亦有人主張此二者相合。而吾人於船山此章之解，引《讀孟子大全說》為據，船山有自己一套詮釋，進而反對程子的氣稟之說，故在此，可謂程朱系與船山系的兩種不同詮釋，用以詮釋孟子的性、命之說，也可謂是孟子學的不同經典詮釋。具體表現在對「性」與「命」的理解不同所致。

This paper explains Wang Chuanshan's interpretation on “with the mouth and flavors” of Meng Zi. The concepts of nature and fate are critical for comprehending argumentation of Meng Zi. In the history, different schools interpreted nature and fate differently. Some suggested metaphysics and some indicated physical dimensions. In other words, they interpreted nature and justice by different degrees. The relation between nature and justice is associated with view of Meng Zi toward life. Metaphysics means moral life. And as to physical dimensions, life is simply the desire for food. Some scholars suggested the combination of the two views. Regarding Wang's explanation on the chapter, the author cites Explanations of the Study of Meng Zi as the reference. Wang had the unique explanation and opposed Chi Ping of Chen Zi. Thus, it shows different interpretations of Chen Chu school and Chuanshan school to indicate nature and fate of Meng Zi. It is also the specific reflection of different classical interpretations of theory of Meng Zi on the comprehension of “nature” and “fate”.