王龍溪「見在良知」說下之工夫論

Wang Lung-hsi's Doctrine of Moral Practice in the Light of His Thesis on “xian-zai liangzhih” (virtue in presenting)

「見在良知」可說是王龍溪思想體系中最核心的概念，此一概念強調良知本來具足且自然能動。若果吾人信得及，則隨時可以悟入這本來具足且自然能動的良知本體，並即就此良知本體之自然流行以為工夫，這便是龍溪所提出的「即本體便是工夫」之主張，同時亦構成了龍溪所謂「先天之學」的主要內涵。本文便是站在龍溪「見在良知」說的觀點下，探討其思想中工夫理論之諸多可能面向，以抉發其「即本體便是工夫」之特殊的生命實踐型態，藉此以釐清後人對龍溪工夫理論之種種誤解。

“Xian-zai liang-chih” (virtue in presenting) can be said as the core concept of Wang Lung-hsi's system of philosophy. Such a concept emphasizes that liang-chih (virtue) is full and dynamic in the present. If human beings have faith in it, they can envision of such a full and dynamic liang-chih and immediately practice it as a discipline. That is the doctrine of “zhi-ben-ti-bian-shi-gong-fu” (Knowing the Substance is just the practice) proposed by Wang Lung-hsi, and that also constitutes the primary aspect of Wang Lung-hsi's “xian-tien-zhih-hxue” (innate knowledge). In this thesis, I intend to use Wang Lung-hsi's concept of “xian-zai liang-chih” to discuss many possible facets in his doctrine of moral practice which will reveal special style of life practice in his doctrine of “chi-ben-ti-bian-shi-gong-fu”. In doing so, I will rectify various misunderstandings about that doctrines of future generations.