王船山《周易內傳》解經作法析論

Analysis and Discussion on Wang Chuan-shan's Interpretation I-Ching

船山《周易內傳》乃晚年為諸生釋經而作，《周易內傳．發例》則歸結該書釋經原則與重要的《易》學觀點。欲瞭解《內傳》之特色，一方面需深究〈發例〉重要觀點之意旨，如以「乾坤並建」、「錯綜合一」代替〈序卦傳〉說明六十四卦之關係；「占學一理」，所指內容是關涉《易》之定位及治《易》立場，而「彖爻一致」乃為解決易辭難解之問題；另方面需深究《內傳》實際之釋經作法：以本卦陰陽互動及錯綜關係釋卦名，以卦畫陰陽之象釋卦辭，研審畫象、會通彖、爻以明爻之時、位。船山釋《易》之特色：重學而不廢占、即卦畫而釋易辭、以體用不二說明彖爻一致，藉簡微難解之易辭彰顯聖人作《易》之慧心，此獨特之學《易》、治《易》之觀點與作法，值得後學用心鑽研。

The Interpretation of the I-Ching by Wang Chuan-shan was written for his disciples in his late life, and The Principles Setting in the Inner Commentary of Chou-I, at the final chapter of The Interpretation of the IChing, pointed out not only the principles of Chou-I interpretation but important viewpoints of Chou-I. For the purpose of further understanding of The Interpretation of the IChing, it is necessary to catch the meanings in The Principles Setting in the Inner Commentary of Chou-I. For example, Learning to be a gentleman by consulting the diagrams was chiefly concerned about the orientation of IChing and the stance of studying it, while The establishment of the identity of tuan with yao was for the purpose of solving the difficulties of its interpretation. On the other hand, it is also essential to inquire into the practical ways of interpreting I-Ching in The Interpretation of the I-Ching: explaining the names of Diagrams according to the interactions, corresponding relationship and flowing activities of Yin and Yang; explaining the meanings of Diagrams according to images of Yin and Yang; and clarifying timely equilibrium and position by scrutinizing the images and understanding tuan and yao thoroughly. Therefore, the characteristics of Wang Chuan-shan's interpretation IChing are as follows: emphasizing the importance of learning I-Ching without ignoring the diagrams; explaining the meanings based on the images of Diagrams; elaborating the establishment of the identity of tuan with yao according to the unity in essence and action; and revealing the saints' efforts of creating I-Ching by his exquisite interpretations. It is worth for us to study the Master Wang's viewpoints and ways of learning I-Ching.