與超越現象學對話：胡塞爾等論生活世界與我的回應

A Dialogue with Transcendental Phenomenology: E. Husserl and Others on the Lebenswelt and the Author's Response

這是一篇比較哲學的論文：比較胡塞爾等的超越現象學與作者自家所構思的純粹力動現象學，比較的焦點是世界觀的問題。在超越現象學來說，世界及其中的種種事物都是超越的意識藉著它的意向性所構架，因而沒有獨立實在性可言。我們要對世界的本質有正確的認識，而建立所謂「生活世界」的世界觀。在純粹力動現象學來說，世界及其中的種種事物都是作為終極原理的純粹力動凝聚、下墮、分化而詐現出來的，亦沒有獨立實在性可言。這是這兩種哲學理論在世界觀方面的相類似之處。另方面，兩者最大的不同是，超越現象學沒有一套宇宙論，不能解釋抽象的超越的意識如何衍生出具體的、立體的事物；即是說，它不關心具體的、立體的事物的生成與變化問題。純粹力動現象學則透過純粹力動的詐現這一方式來交代事物的具體性、立體性。詐現是宇宙論意義的，被詐現而成的事物只是呈現為具體的、立體的狀態而已，實際上不是如此。

This is a work of comparative philosophy, in which the transcendental phenomenology of E. Husserl and his followers and the author's phenomenology of pure vitality are brought together for a dialogue. The focus of comparison is on the issue of world view. The transcendental phenomenologists hold that the world is formed by the intentional function of the transcendental consciousness and is therefore devoid of independent reality. We are advised to have a correct understanding of the world and build up what E. Husserl calls “die Lebenswelt.” For the phenomenology of pure vitality, the world is nothing but the result of certain processes undergone by the pure vitality as the ultimate principle. These processes include condensation, degradation, differentiation and finally “pseudopresentation” (pratibhasa in Buddhist Sanskrit). The world thus formed is also devoid of independent reality. This is the most obvious homology on the issue of world view between the two phenomenological theories. However, there is a sharp difference. Husserl's phenomenology lacks a cosmological explication in which the concrete and cubic nature of all physical entities initiated by the abstract consciousness is unaccountable, whereas pseudopresentation in the phenomenology of pure vitality is a cosmological concept which deals with the rise, developments and changes of all physical entities. This concept also transmits the message that these entities “merely looks” concrete and cubic before our own sense perception, and that in reality they have nothing to do with the concrete and cubic nature. What we gain in sense perception does not represent reality of the world.