老莊道家論齊物兩行之道

On the Thought of Taoist's Way of Levelling Things and the Principle of Following Two Courses at Once

在兩岸半世紀分離與對峙的時代情勢中如何以「一體多元」的理路架構，來消解緊張的氛圍，已成當代學術思想界所當省思的主題。問題在，若以儒學「天下有道，禮樂征伐自天子出」的一體，做為理序的依據，則可能對多元文化產生霸權式的一統壓力；若以道家「道者萬物之奧」的一體，做為價值的源頭，則因為道體沖虛，反而可以有奧藏包容的對等尊重。《莊子、齊物論》論「齊物」之道，在齊「物論」，「物論」是給出萬物存在的理論基礎，此即文化心靈的「一體」。衡諸當前多元文化的既有格局，此「一體」應是老莊「虛用」義的道，而不是儒家「實理」義的道。

During half of a century, the two sides of Taiwan Strait have been creating a mist of division and confrontation. Under this circumstance, the contemporary scholars using the “one body leading to multiplicity” theory make it their central issue to depolarize this tension in this time. But problems arise when we base “one body” on the though of Confucianism. Since Confucius said: “when good government prevails in the empire, ceremonies, music, and punitive military expeditions proceed from the supreme prerogative of the emperor .”, it may cause pressure coming from a kind of cultural hegemony over this multi-cultural world. On the other hand, we use the Taoist version of “One body” and it can become be the origin of universal value, as Laotze said: ”the Tao is the hidden Reservoir of all things”. The Tao's ontology is emptiness, that is why it can embrace reciprocate respect from opposite sides. In the section Equalizing things from Chuang-tzu, it mentioned the way of “equalizing things” aimed at the equalization of “the ontological theory of things”. The goal of the ontological theory of things is to explain the existence of all things, so “One body” is at the core of the culture. Nowadays, since we can have a look at many theories coming from different cultural and philosophical background, the meaning of the “One body” is not the way Confucianism's principle of Actualization sees it, but the way Taoist understand it with the function of hsü.