機場噪音與禁限建管制對都市發展外部成本之影響：以高雄國際機場為例

Effects of Airport Noise and Obstacle Limitation Surfaces on Urban Development Externality Costs: The Case of Kaohsiung International Airport

機場如何向航空公司徵收噪音費，並補償附近居民受噪音污染及禁限建管制之損失，一直 是機場經營管理重要課題。本研究同時探討飛航噪音與禁限建管制對都市發展所產生之外部成 本，前者透過特徵價格法，以噪音貶值指數計算房地跌價損失；後者則考慮不同區域之土地使 用分類及各位置受不同禁限建管制規則所剝奪之建築面積，並採用地上權估價方法，分別構建 機場「周邊地區」與「單一建物」之禁限建外部成本評估模式。前一模式可供機場場址選擇或 擴建時之外部成本計算；後一模式可精確估算個別建物之損失。最後以高雄國際機場為實例， 驗證模式之可行性及應用方式，結果顯示地價變動對都市發展之外部成本影響幅度最大，其次 依序分別為機場周邊之商業區面積、住宅區面積、噪音影響值及住宅區房價。

Airports negatively impact land use and life quality in neighboring areas. Hence, mitigating airport noise and a surcharge scheme as well as compensation for residents for losses attributed to environmental and social costs have been are important issues for airport management. This study evaluates the externalities of airport noise using the hedonic price method. Assessment models of obstacle limitation surfaces are developed to explore the impact of building restrictions on property prices in neighboring areas and a single construction site near an airport. Analytical results can serve as references for airport site selection, and estimation of airport expansion externalities, and provide accurate predictions of decline in property prices for individual buildings. A case study of the Kaohsiung International Airport is utilized as an example, illustrating the feasibility and application of the proposed models. Externalities of airport noise and obstacle limitation surfaces have the greatest impact on land prices, followed by size of the commercial area, residential area, noise impact index, and prices of residential housing.