從「驛站」到「藝棧」──文化群聚的公眾治理及空間排除

Regenerated from Train Station into Art Stage: The Public Governance and Space Exclusion for the Cultural Cluster

荒廢多年的花蓮鐵道部出張所在文化資產保存政策推動下修復啟用。再利用的閒置空間若能串接地方特色，永續經營，將可發揚藝術文化內涵，促進地方文化產業發展。本研究分析花蓮鐵道文化園區由「驛站」轉變為「藝棧」的過程，來思考閒置空間的文化治理策略對在地藝術文化的影響。研究發現，公部門的委外模式決定園區活動性質的多元性。當採取「委託活動輔導模式」時，在地表演團體與社團可充分利用空間，結果園區藝文活動多元繽紛；但採取「委託營運模式」時，則因收益考量，使弱勢藝文團體無力負擔場地費而卻步，造成空間再次閒置。又因為以公部門補助為主導，造成活動性質偏向菁英藝術與原住民活動；當委外廠商以文化來包裝其營利的商業行為，使公共空間轉變為消費私人空間，失去扶助弱勢藝文團體的功能，更因為性質過度集中，排除其他文化與社群進入。

The deserted former Japanese railway administration buildings have been reused since 2011. Sustainable reuse of these buildings to promote the local cultural activities and performances can carry those activities forward and boost an added-value to the local cultural industry. Hence, this study investigated 1) how the public governance was implemented on the cultural heritage reused, and 2) how the administration of the regeneration space affected the artistic activities. The study suggests that the outsourcing strategy enhances development of artistic and cultural activities and performances in the Park. When the authorities outsourced out the labor services on cultural activities to another agency, the Park was full of multifarious activities and performances. However, when the authorities contracted out the assets to another for-profit firm, then the Park was lusterless, slack and depressing. The number of artistic and cultural activities gradually decreased as they couldn’t afford the space rental expenditures that the firm made a business by taking the heritage in sub-lodgers. Furthermore, the authorities did not expect the regulations and financial subsidies for artistic and performance groups to increase activities and performances for elites and tourists than the populaces. Remaking a free public space into a private consumption space marks the erosion of open access to some kinds of artistic communities. Besides, the objective of assisting emerging artistic groups was not achieved, and some other performances and cultural communities will even be excluded by the culture crash.