我國民眾減緩全球暖化之願付價值與影響因素分析

The Willingness to Pay to Mitigate Global Warming and Analysis of the Affecting Factors of Citizens in Taiwan

全球暖化（global warming）或氣候變遷（climate change）是人類文明所面臨的最大挑戰之一，也是近年國際社會致力處理的關鍵議題。我國民眾多數對於全球暖化等相關議題耳熟能詳，然而對於減緩全球暖化的關鍵行動，尤其於能源的使用與價格相關者，則有不同的看法。全球暖化與能源的選擇息息相關，而這些選擇又與民眾面對能源問題時的社會偏好與成本效益概念等有關。2015年通過的巴黎協定內容亦顯示因應氣候變遷的策略包括了氣候教育、能力建構、合作減緩全球暖化，與財務機制之建立。本研究採用條件評估法（Contingent Valuation Method, CVM）調查我國民眾減緩全球暖化的願付價值，從經濟學角度探討我國民眾認知的減緩全球暖化的整體社會效益與成本，同時調查民眾對能源相關議題的瞭解、觀念與行動，與前述這些能源素養內涵和減緩全球暖化願付價值之間的關係。本研究之調查採立意取樣，於2014年間依照北中南東與離島之人口比例，對二十歲以上之民眾施測，全國共計回收596份有效問卷，其中有效樣本共526個。調查結果顯示，受測民眾平均願付價值為每個月425元，相當於每年5,100元，依據全國人口數估算，我國民眾減緩全球暖化的願付價值約為每個月79億元，相當於每年948億元。民眾關於能源的使用態度和落實節約能源的行為，對減緩全球暖化的願付價值有顯著之影響。具備較正面積極的態度和較多行動經驗的民眾，願意支付較高的金額減緩全球暖化；此外，學歷與個人收入亦會直接影響民眾減緩全球暖化的願付價值，也會透過與能源相關之態度與行動經驗間接影響願付價值。

Global warming and climate change are the key issues being addressed by international communities. Most citizens of Taiwan are familiar with climate related issues but have diversified opinions on the key actions for mitigating global warming, especially those related to energy uses and prices. Decisions on energy utilization have strong connections to global warming, which can be influenced by people’s social preference and concepts on cost-effectiveness. The Paris Agreement, which was passed in 2015 and became effective in November, 2016, also indicated that climate education, capacity building, cooperative actions for mitigating global warming, and establishing financial mechanisms are effective strategies for combating climate change. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was employed to examine the willingness to pay (WTP) for mitigating global warming of Taiwan’s citizens. This is to explore their sense of benefits and costs of global warming mitigation and investigate This study explores the perceived benefits and costs of global warming mitigation and investigates their understanding, attitude, and actions toward energy related issues. The relationships between the WTP and this energy literacy were also of concern. Purposive sampling was used to collect 596 valid samples, according to the demographic information and population distributions in different regions including the North, Central, South, East, and offshore islands. The analytical results indicated that people in Taiwan were willing to spend NTD 425 per person monthly, which equals to NTD 5,100 per person annually for global warming mitigation. That is, the total population of Taiwan is willing to spend NTD 7.9 billion per month or NTD 94.8 billion per year. It was also found that people's attitude toward energy utilization and their energy saving behaviors have a remarkable influence on their WTP for global warming mitigation. Those who expressed a more positive attitude are willing to pay more. Education and personal income employ direct influences on WTP, and also exert indirect impacts on WTP through attitude and action experiences with respect to energy.