臺中第一廣場暨周邊地區東南亞族裔空間形成與轉變

The Analysis of the Spatial Configuration and Changes in the Southeast Asian Gathering Domain in Taichung First Plaza and its Surrounding Area

東南亞族裔移工的引進與透過婚姻途徑移入台灣的東南亞移民，在台灣已經存在多年．隨之而來因他們生活所需在台灣西部主要城市的聚集也引起不少研究，但相對而言台中作為中部最大的消費城市，其位於火車站附近的第一廣場早已是眾所周知中部最大東南亞移工與移民假日的聚會之處，也吸引了一些相關研究，但較缺乏整合。因此，本研究針對第一廣場東南亞族裔移工與店家聚集的歷程轉變與原因進行調查，並且與其他城市類似的研究加以整合，並歸納出第一廣場東南亞族裔移工與店家在空間聚集現象之歷程與其背後的原因與其對都市治理的意涵。本研究發現第一廣場東南亞族裔移工與店家在空間聚集呈現五個階段，分別是：(1)初步聚集於台中鐵道車站周邊某個區域；(2)規模開始擴大並與原在地者競爭資源；(3)東南亞族裔與店家出現明顯隔離劃界；(4)各族裔區開始蓬勃發展並更細分其所屬族群空間；(5)空間割裂現象明顯。而第一廣場空間割裂現象明顯的原因，可能是因為東南亞族裔移工與外配與當地居民對於一廣空間賦予截然不同的異質空間之意義，使這個空間割裂的衝突不易化解。但這衝突可能導引政府的治理策略朝向以都市更新的方式驅離之，但恐無法解決問題。也透露出地方政府空間規劃者對於移工聚集空間意義與功能的認知不足，值得空間規劃專業者省思，需要更全面與開放的視野以回應這族裔地景治理的問題，也是台灣未來都市發展與治理的重要挑戰。

Southeast Asian immigrants have immigrated to Taiwan through work and marriage for many years. Taichung is the largest consumer city in the central part of Taiwan. First Plaza, which is located near the Taichung Central Train Station, has also become the largest well-known gathering domain for the Southeast Asian migrant workers and immigrants to gather over the weekend and holiday period. Although these changes have attracted many relevant studies, their results lack concordance. Therefore, this study focused on the gathering process and reason of the Southeast Asian migrant workers and shop owners in the First Plaza. Data from similar studies are then integrated to induce the process and reason as well as the meaning towards the urban management from the spatial gathering norm of Southeast Asian migrant workers and shop owners. The study revealed five steps for the spatial gathering norm in the Taichung First Plaza, which were first, the initial gathering started from some region nearby the Taichung Central Train Station; second, the gathering scope became larger and started competing resources with local inhabitants; third, significant isolation and boundary line have been set between the Southeast Asians and the shop owners; fourth, different races became more vibrant and develop into more detailed racial group belonging spaces; and fifth significant space division norm appeared. For the reason that the isolation norm was significant in the Taichung First Plaza, it was possible that the Southeast Asian migrant workers and foreign spouses and local inhabitants endowed with an entirely different heterotopia connotation towards the First Plaza. The outcome of the spatial division is difficult to resolve. And such conflict could lead the governmental management strategy to lean toward the direction of adopting expel action through urban renewal. However, the inability to resolve the initial conflict showed that the spatial planning of the local government was insufficient to understand the spatial purpose and function on the gathering process of migrant workers. Such gathering norm required thorough consideration as well as wider and overall perspectives for the spatial planner to respond to the racial issue, which prioritize over geographical space and scenery management. This issue is a major challenge for future urban development and management in Taiwan.