都市街廓特徵與人體熱舒適之關係研究

Correlations between Urban Block Characteristics and Thermal Comfort

因全球環境破壞造成溫室氣體增加，如二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）、氟氯碳化物（CFCs），導致氣溫變化不尋常，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約第三次締約國大會於1997年日本京都舉行，通過具有管制效力的「京都議定書Kyoto Protocol」，臺灣也於2008年正式宣佈溫室氣體減量目標；考量到人類、環境與自然的關係，本論文探討人體在環境的舒適度感受，大多數人們一天的作息時間長期處於室內環境，因此以往研究較著重室內的舒適，但室內僅是人類活動的一部份，近幾年相關的舒適度研究中，戶外環境漸趨重要，人們越來越重視戶外休憩和活動的重要性，因此臺灣應有本土的戶外舒適度研究，以氣候環境和人體熱舒適度為考量，評估都市型態中街廓的影響關係，以氣候為背景資料，考量人體的影響因子進行分析。研究方法採取量化研究的方式執行，有數據測量的佐證提高研究可信度；研究內容分為對街廓型式特徵之分析、都市微氣候之探討、環境舒適度與街廓特徵相關性分析。研究程序具體研究內容部分為探討都市街廓型式之破碎度，標定區域和觀測點實際測量，再計算舒適度指標，完成後整體比對研究成果，本研究成果能提供都市規畫者於環境配置的參考，並能實際了解臺灣不同街廓特徵與戶外舒適度之關係。

Enormous increases in greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and CFCs have caused environmental disruption and irregular climate change. In light of the “Kyoto Protocol”, which is signed in the 3rd United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997, Taiwan established an index of greenhouse-gas reduction in 2008. Regarding correlations among human, the environment and the nature, this article probes into the environmental thermal comfort to the human body and the nature. Most of the early studies emphasized indoor comfort despite the living space of human covers much more than that. The urban models consider the effect of thermal comfort, and the climate is considered as important as the interaction between streets and shapes. Climate measurements provide background data for analysis of human body variables. This quantitative study had three objectives: (a) a probe into the characteristics and the styles of the shapes and the streets, (b) a discussion of the correlation between human and the climate, and (c) an estimation of the human body and the environmental thermal comfort. The research also investigates the styles and the fragmentation degree of streets and shapes in the urban model. A final objective was to provide city planners with an integrative reference of outdoor layouts and a thorough understanding regarding different thermal comfort level in various styles of streets and shapes in Taiwan.