鄰近性、吸收能力與廠商創新績效：以臺灣生物技術產業廠商為例

Proximity, Absorptive Capacity, and Firm Innovation Performance: An Empirical Study of Taiwan’s Biotechnology Firms

地理鄰近性所產生的聚集經濟效果已為眾多文獻所支持。隨著全球化生產與跨界交流活動日益頻繁，組織鄰近性與網絡拓展了研究的地域範圍；另一方面研究者逐漸意識廠商內部的異質性，進而探討廠商內部能力與外部知識之連結。本文從鄰近性的兩個面向出發，檢驗地理鄰近性與組織鄰近性的內涵與相互關係，並將鄰近性視為外部知識的來源；其次，納入廠商內部能力的影響要素，建構外部知識、內部能力與創新績效之影響路徑。本文以生技廠商為研究對象，運用結構方程模型進行模式驗證。結果證實地理鄰近性有其重要性，但必須透過組織鄰近性之作用，始對於創新績效產生影響，除了外部知識的效果，廠商內部吸收能力亦為影響創新績效的重要因素。

Numerous studies have proved that geographical proximity is attributed to the cluster phenomenon. With globalization of production and the prevalence of cross-area activities, the geographical scope in related studies has been extended with consideration of organizational proximity and network. Having gradually recognized heterogenic firms, scholars have begun to examine the connection between firms’ internal capabilities and external knowledge. Regarding geographical proximity and organizational proximity as forms of external knowledge, this study first identifies these two proximities and their relationship, then introduces the internal capabilities of firms to construct a model that shows the influential linkages among external knowledge, internal capability and innovation performance. Using biotechnology firms as research objects and Structural Equation Modeling as the method, this study finds that both geographical proximity and firm absorptive capability are important to firm innovation performance, but the former requires organizational proximity to contribute firm innovation performance.