從空間規劃到區域治理：英國工黨時期區域規劃、組織與治理機制轉變的脈絡探討

From Spatial Planning to Regional Governance: A Contextual Study on Regional Planning, Organization and Governance Institution in the UK under New Labour

空間規劃在過去二十餘年在歐洲聯盟（European Union）逐漸成為國土及區域發展的主流思想。而也因為歐盟對區域發展的高度關注帶動了國際空間規劃研究的興起，並進一步引發相當多國家對原有國土規劃體系乃至於城鄉治理體系的反思。做為歐盟主要會員國之一，英國過去十餘年在區域規劃以及治理議題上的論述及制度上的改變可以說是最為積極與劇烈。基於規劃界持續對於區域規劃與跨域治理制度整合的辯證與檢討，英國政府從90年代末期開始推動一連串的區域發展與治理制度的變革，這樣的趨勢在1997年工黨取得睽違十餘年的執政權後更加確立，而且改革幅度愈加明顯。為了呼應歐盟空間規劃的潮流，英國在工黨執政期間同樣出現了規劃體系與跨域治理同時並進的變革。然而傳統英國規劃體系與歐陸有相當大的差異性，不但存在於制度設計上也根植於政治文化中。基於從規劃到治理的制度性變革，本研究將探討兩點問題：一是規劃思潮的改變對於英國治理上的制度性效果；二是英國空間規劃在制度變革的過程當中是否能夠與原生制度鑲嵌。本論文由於受限於篇幅，將僅針對工黨時期英國區域治理變革為例，討論在歐盟空間規劃概念的演進所產生的政策效果脈絡下，英國規劃體系、組織與機制在近幾年所遭遇的困境以及與原有國家及地方規劃制度的互動與矛盾。

During the last two decades, spatial planning has assumed central role in European planning discourse. This phenomenon has also resulted in concerns regarding regional development, and has promoted studies on planning system and town and country governance. As a significant member of the European Union, the UK has witnessed a dramatic change in regional planning and governance institutions. Reflecting changes in other EU member states, the UK experienced a series of institutional changes involving both planning system and cross-boundary governance since the late 1990s, particularly after the Labour Party returned to power in 1997. This article aims to understand the influence of spatial planning on regional governance, and the engagement between the old and new spatial planning systems in the UK. Owing to limitations of space, this investigation only focuses on regional governance in transformation during the Labour Administration Period (1997- 2010). This study introduces the difficulties that existed within the planning system, organizations and institutions, as well as institutional changes.