臺灣新舊違章建築日期劃分之研究

Dividing Lines between New versus Old Illegal Structures in Taiwan

違章建築長期存在臺灣各城鄉地區，都市地區較常見陽臺、露臺、頂樓加蓋、中庭及天井違章建築以及法定空地違章建築等，非都市土地則屢見違反非都市土地使用、佔用公有地及行水區之違章建築，以及座落於農地與環境敏感地的違法建築物及工廠等。違章建築的劃分可因其興建期間、管制法令寬嚴、違建內涵、建築位置或政府管制的便利性等不同，而有不同的分類，而所謂新舊違建主要是指違章建築依興建時間先後，所做的劃分，由於地方自治條例以及建築法的授權，各縣市政府所訂定之建築管理條例不盡相同，區分精細或粗略也有所不同，新舊違章建築是臺灣處理違章建築最具特色的處理策略之一，而其中最具關鍵之處，就是新舊違建的劃分日期，本文以全臺25縣市之新舊違建劃分日期，作為探討重點，期能引發對於違章建築研究應有的重視。

The issue of illegal structures has long existed in both urban and rural areas of Taiwan. In urban areas, illegal structures are frequently seen on or in balconies, patios, top-floors, courtyards and public reserved space, and are frequently occur in association with illegal extensions. In rural areas, illegal buildings are most closely associated with violation of non-urban land use regulations, occupation of public land and waterways, and illegal construction located on farmland and in environmentally sensitive areas. Illegal buildings are classified by construction date, with regulations classifying such buildings according to construction date, content of violations, construction location, and the history of government involvement during construction. New and old illegal structures are differentiated based on construction date. According to Regional Autonomy Rules and Architecture Laws, architecture management rules vary among different counties and cities. The management of new/old illegal structures is an important management strategy, and an important management feature is classification of new versus old illegal structures. This study primarily discusses the classifications of new versus old illegal structures in 25 counties and cities in Taiwan in an attempt to highlight the issue of illegal buildings.