台灣集集震災後社區營造式重建機制之探討－－以軍功里和劉家伙房之重建為例

MECHANISM OF POST-EARTHQUAKE COMMUNITY RECONSTRUCTION FOR THE TAIWAN CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE: IN THE CASES OF CHUN-KONG LI COMMUNITYAND LIU TRADITIONAL QUADRANGLE HOUSE

台灣集集地震造成中部災區重大損壞，災區由於多為農村社區，災前已存在人口老化、外流嚴重之問題，而災後則加上產業衰退、經濟力不足、災民之重建共識難以整合等問題，導致社區重建困難度增加，如何達成社區重建乃成為整個災後重建中的一大課題；而為達此社區重建目的，中央在重建工作綱領等相關法令規章提示了「由下而上」的原則，鼓勵以居民參與方式進行社區重建，然而社區居民參與重建之真實狀況、推動方法與過程或可能影響其推動的要因為何等，都是探討此一議題，需要面對的發問。為此，本研究以南投市軍功里社區與台中縣石岡鄉土牛村劉家伙房為研究對象，整理兩事例的社區營造式重建狀況與推動過程，嘗試釐清影響社區營造式重建之要因，並歸納及比較兩事例之分析結果。依本研究結果可知，影響社區營造式重建之要因為：重建主導組織與領導力、充分協調與居民參與、重建主題之多元串連與延伸、公部門互動與制度之權宜性，以及資金援助五點；最後本研究亦建議一社區營造式重建之模式以供參考。

Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake struck middle area of Taiwan and made damage seriously. Most damaged areas are rural villages; besides, pre-earthquake problems such as aging of population, out flowing of population and etc., and post-earthquake problems such as insufficient economical ability, recession of industry, and difficulty of negotiation with sufferers make the reconstruction of communities become difficult. How to revive the community will be one subject for community reconstruction. The central government indicated the rule-“bottom-up” for community reconstruction. In this research, the community reconstruction process of the Chun-kong community and the Liu traditional quadrangle house are analyzed to verify the factors which involved with community reconstruction and to exchange the experience for reference. As a result, five factors involved with community reconstruction are reconstruction leader and cooperation, negotiation and participation of residents, diversification of reconstruction topics, expedience of system and financial support, besides; one model of community-empowerment reconstruction is suggested.