居民對921災後社區住宅重建之意願調查分析

THE ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTS' WILLINGNESS ABOUT POST-DISASTER HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION

本研究主要目的在於探討921災後住宅重建過程中，社區住宅重建之影響因素及尋求各參與角色互動之關係。本研究運用現場勘查各相關社區、問卷調查社區居民、深入訪談社區重建領導人等方法收集資料，資料分析方法包含次數分配、卡方檢定、相關分析以及變異數分析等。社區居民問卷調查結果顯示，受訪社區921災後面臨最主要之住宅重建問題及困難為不熟悉政府之法令制度及行政程序，因此重建相關法規之知識及政府相關單位之運作程序之瞭解，被受訪者認為最需要加強。假設檢定發現，受訪者之家庭收入對於住宅重建方式之選擇影響較明顯。家庭收入、教育程度、年齡及職業則會影響社區參與學習之程度。受訪者社區區位不同，住宅重建需求也呈現不同差異。社區領導人之深入訪談結果發現，社區重建速度較快的社區除了其領導人都擁有堅強意志力及積極熱誠力外，社區居民經濟能力、社區居民自發學習程度、社區參與、社區本身條件資源、外來協助團隊、及公部門資源等都影響重建之速率。因此，社區重建的過程中，社區居民、社區領導人、社區組織、政府、外界支援團隊、N.G.O及金融機構之互動關係，直接影響重建之速率。

The main purpose of this study is to understand the residents' living condition, the willingness of reconstruction, and the problems and difficulties during the process of post-disaster housing reconstruction, and to discuss how to increase the reconstruction capacity of individual and community. The questionnaire survey and face-to-face interview were used for data collection, and the percentage distribution, chi-square, correlation coefficient, and cross-tab, variance analyses were used for data analysis. The results of questionnaire survey showed that income, occupation significantly influenced the reconstruction willingness and requirements. Income, education, and occupation were significantly related to the degree of self-learning. The location was the important factor determining the requirements of community reconstruction. The results of interviews have indicated that leadership is an important factor determining the process of reconstruction. In addition, the higher willingness of self-learning of residents, the more community resources, and the greater technical assistance from outside community, the higher successful rate of community reconstruction. The study has also found that the willingness of residents is the center and community empowerment is the key factor to facilitate the process of housing reconstruction.