調查研究流程與資料庫運用

ON PROCEDURE OF SURVEY RESEARCH AND THE UTILIZATION OF DATA ARCHIVE IN TAIWAN

本文分為兩部分：（一）審視調查研究流程，包括相關文獻與國內調查實務；（二）檢討資料庫運用，涵蓋資料庫介紹與剖析國內調查資料之品質問題。文中首先解析調查研究流程，說明高水準的調查研究是研究設計、收集資料、整理資料、分析資料、撰寫報告、和運用的整體呈現，且各階段環環相扣，任一階段有疏漏即影響整體調查研究品質。其次以調查研究流程為架構，回顧國內外調查研究方法相關研究議題，並提出對我國調查實務發展趨向之個人觀察。在資料庫運用方面，除分析運用二手調查資料的優缺點、簡介中央研究院「學術調查研究資料庫」之外，更進一步提出二手調查資料品質測量指標。本文亦綜覽國科會量化調查研究計畫資料概況，包括樣本、使用統計軟體等情形，並以中研院收藏之國科會調查研究計畫為例，羅列常見的二手調查資料品質問題。文末則提出提升國內二手資料品質的相關議題，期收集思廣益之效。

This article contains two parts: (1) review of literature of survey research procedure and the current survey practice in Taiwan, and (2) discussion on the quality of survey data in Taiwan. In the first part, survey research procedure is divided into several different stages, including research design, data collection, data management and checking, data analysis, report writing, and the application of survey results. Each stage connects with each other. Error introduced at any stage would cause the damage to the quality of a survey research. The author then reviews survey methodology literatures according to the above analysis of different stages of the survey procedure. The developmental trend of survey practice in Taiwan is also analyzed. The second part is an introduction to the Survey Research Data Archive of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan. The author submits some indexes of measuring the quality of survey data. The characteristics of and the problems of survey data obtained from projects sponsored by the National Science Council are reviewed. How to strengthen skill of data management and data checking for the of Principle Investigators and the research assistants, how to motivate researchers donating survey data to the data archive, and how to increase researchers' willingness responding to the data archives' data checking reports are the future efforts we can contribute to improving the quality of survey data in Taiwan.