社區配置及居民特質於鄰里關係影響之研究

A STUDY OF INFLUENCE UPON COMMUNITY SITE PLANNING AND RESIDENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH NEIGHBORHOOD RELATIONSHIPS

本研究乃從行為科學的角度，探討社區配置因子對鄰里關係的影響及其相關之作用機制，並依據Appleyard和Lintell二人曾對交通量影響街道活動的研究結果及Festinger之功能距離理論與Milgram，Cohen和Saegert等人對擁擠感提出的「刺激超負荷模型」之相關理論的研究與探討，提出(1)道路系統，(2)建築配置，與(3)建築形式等三個重要項目可能影響鄰居接觸機會的社區配置因子之研究。同時另對可能影響鄰里社交動機的十項居民個人特質因子，來對分佈在南投縣與台中縣的四個具代表性之住宅社區進行社區鄰里關係調查的實證研究。研究結果顯示出，在社區配置因子方面，「道路系統」、「建築配置」與「建築形式」等三項因子均與鄰里關係有關；而在居民個人特質因子方面，則只有「參加社區活動的經驗」、「性別」、「家庭結構」與「居住時間」等因子被檢驗出與鄰里關係有顯著之相關性。此外，本研究發現道路系統與建築配置是透過影響鄰居間接觸互動的機會而影響鄰里關係，建築形式與參加社區活動的經驗是透過影響居民社交動機而影響鄰里關係，而且接觸機會與社交動機間又會彼此影響，藉由此種機制，實質環境因子與居民個人特質得以對鄰里關係產生影響。

This paper is based on the viewpoint of behavioral science probing into the factors of community layout which influence on neighborhood interactions. The 'Functional Distance Theory' and 'The Stimulus Overload Model in Environment Psychology' brought up three factors of community layout including the circulation, the layout of buildings and the types of buildings which possibly have something to do with the frequency of resident contacts. Followed by comparing with other ten factors of individual characteristics of residents via four communities in Nantou County and Taichung County respectively, the results show that the factors of community layout and the circulation, the layout of buildings and the types of buildings are all have high relationship in neighborhood. As to the factors of individual characteristics of residents, there are the willing factor of participating the activities of community, the sex, the type of family members, and the period of dwelling have high relationship in the neighborhood. Furthermore, the factors of circulation and the layout of buildings influence the neighborhood relationship by the interaction between neighbors. The factors of the types of building and the experiences of participating the activities of community influence the neighborhood relationship through the consideration of social contact.