都市計畫草圖替選方案分析模式之改進：納入公共設施配置

THE IMPROVEMENT OF SKETCH LAYOUT MODEL: CONSIDERING THE LAYOUTS OF PUBLIC FACILITIES

都市計畫草圖的作用在表現實質計畫的配置草稿，過去草圖的產生過程一直被視為是黑箱作業，為提高規劃者之工作效率與規劃品質， Feng and Lin （1999ab構建「都市計畫草圖替選方案分析模式（Sketch Layout Model, SLM）」。該模式是一個能提綱挈領地處理土地使用與運輸路網整合配置問題的非線性多目標數學規劃模式，透過「基因演算法（Genetic Algorithm）」之求解，可找出近似非劣解集作為替選方案使用。SLM模式經過SLM-I與SLM-II的演進，雖然已可應用於實際問題，但由於未考量設施之服務範圍課題，致只能配置較類似一般土地使用的區域型公共設施，尚無法配置社區型公共設施。為使SLM能夠完整處理實質計畫之配置作業，本研究進一步將SLM-II與「最大服務範圍區位問題（Maximal Covering Location Problem, MCLP）」結合，構建為SLM-III模式，以將諸如學校或公園等社區型公共設施同時與土地使用及運輸路網進行整合性的配置，並經由簡例測試與敏感度分析驗證模式之可操作性與意義。

The sketch map for urban planning represents the rough layout of a physical plan. However, the process of generating sketches has long been viewed as a 'black box'. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of layout tasks, Feng and Lin (1999ab) created the Sketch Layout Model (SLM). This model is a nonlinear and multi-objective programming, which can be used to analyze the integrated layout of land uses and transportation network. Although the SLM had been developed for two phases and can be applied on real cases, it still ignores the constraints of facilities' service area and the community-type facilities can not be well arranged. In order to analyze all of the important sectors in the physical plan, this study developed the SLM-III by integrating the SLM-II and the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP). This improved model can be used to analyze the integrated layout of land uses, public facilities and transportation network. A numerical example and its sensitivity analysis will be shown to verify the operational feasibility and identify the characteristics of model.