EDI應用對流通業之效益影響分析模式

MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF EDI USAGE ON DISTRIBUTION INDUSTRY

電子資料交換（Electronic Data Interchange，簡稱EDI）非僅為改善企業流程或改造流通關係的一項電信資訊科技，而且是企業用以提昇競爭力、生產力及創造內外通路環境優勢的一項策略運用。EDI之應用促成作業流程的簡化、流通系統內業態組成之調整、通路系統之組成關係重新定位、及以非實質流通方式為主體的流通方式逐漸形成，致使通路環境改變，進而影響企業策略，並造成產業結構的改變。有鑑於國內對於企業應用EDI之效益影響分析尚無相關研究，而流通業對於應用EDI協助實體之貨品配送及非實體之資訊、商情及金錢流通作業之方式最能反應EDI之影響特性，故本研究針對以零售、批發、貨運為主之不同業態流通業及流通業整體為對象，分別探討EDI應用之影響效益。由於企業依不同應用目的使用EDI時所產生之影響效益各有不同，故先就可能之影響效益建立分析模式，可據以進一步評估實際應用影響。由於影響因素具質化特性、因素間具因果關係且不確定、以及系統具回饋特性，故以模糊認知圖（Fuzzy Cognitive Maps）之觀念構建EDI對流通業之效益影響分析模式，並就以批發為主之流通業為案例，以模糊控制方式分析之。

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is not only a telematics technology for improving business operation procedure and communications relationship, but also a strategy for increasing competitiveness, productivity and business communications strength. EDI usage could simplify the working procedure, adjust the components of distribution industry, redefine the relationship of communications and move the communications into non-physical way, that change the communications environment, influence the industry strategy and change industry structure. Since there is few research about the effects of EDI usage, this study aims at modelling the effects of EDI usage on different types of distribution industry, such as wholesalers, retailers and freight carriers. Because most of impact factors are qualitative, the relationship between those factors is uncertain and there is a feedback loop of factors, this study thus uses the concept of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and fuzzy control method to proceed the impact study for the case of wholesalers.