從退休的規劃、老化適應理論、自我知覺與生命意義探討退休老人的生活品質

Exploring quality of life among the retired elderly from retirement planning, sociological theories of aging, self perception of the elderly and the meaning of life

研究探討退休老人生活品質的因素，並從退休規劃、老化適應理論、自我知覺與生命意義預測總體生活品質。採取量化問卷面訪方法，於台北市內成功面訪年滿65歲且意識清楚的318位居家退休老人。其中包括參加學期制課程者169位和未參加課程者149位。前者採多重階段群集抽樣法；後者從民政局老人名冊系統性抽樣。研究結果發現退休老人若對退休後有較正面的知覺、多參加有意義的活動、對自己健康感到滿意、覺得生命是有意義的、能夠預作退休後活動的參與、保持其一貫的生活方式等，其整體的生活品質較好。本研究加強了老人生活品質的概念以及驗證老化適應理論的適用性，並發現以退休規劃來強化老人能力的重要性，研究也指出正面看待老化是提升生活品質的方法。研究最後提出實務與政策上的建議，並對研究限制予以討論。

Drawing upon adaptation of aging and quality of life in old age, this study analyzes the quality of life among the retired elderly from retirement planning, sociological theories of aging, self perception and the meaning of life. Survey research with face to face interview was employed. Perceptions and experiences of 318 home dwelling retired elderly using structured questionnaires were collected. Among these subjects, 169 were taking courses from the elderly service center and were selected using multi-stage Cluster Sampling method, while 149 were not taking any course and were selected using stratified and systematic sampling methods. The result show that self perception of aging, participating activities, health status, the meaning of life, planning activity participation before retirement, continuing life style, planning finance before retirement are significant factors predicting quality of life of retired older people. The explanatory power of the model is 64%. It supports the prediction generated from the research framework. Quality of life is well predicted by self perception of the elderly, self reported health, social activity theory, the meaning of life, planning activity participation, social continuity theory, and planning finance. Finally, practice and policy implications are discussed.