對話裡「カナ」的表達功用

A Study of –kana in Dialogue

一般認為，以「カナ」為句尾的句型是表示說者的不確定與質疑的態度，然而在實際的對話裡會發現許多的「カナ」不只說者在使用，且聽者也會使用。此外，因學習者不清楚「カナ」在何種會話場合會出現，他們不但不易暸解說話人的說話意圖，也常困惑該如何貼切地使用「カナ」。本文為闡明對話裡「カナ」的功用，因此透過所蒐集自電視劇、專題討論節目及會話課本的例句，依說者與聽者與談話間的「發問」及「應答」將「カナ」的不同功能先予分類，再以「カナ」的說者行為目的作中心進行分析。從而發現，「カナ」的「回答功能」凸顯自言自語的性質外，也將說者的不確定、質疑的態度傳達給聽者以表達其；1）困惑、2）對話題內容的不確定性、及3）不認同，卻又委婉不子明確回答等目的。另外；「カナ」的「提問功用」具有誘導聽者表達其意見及表示；1）催促（要求對方提供看法、表示認同）、2）意見的傳達（意向、期待、肯定的態度）之目的。

Generally, the “kana-ending sentence” is assumed to express speaker’s uncertainty and suspicion. However, in the conversation of daily life, the -kana expression is not applied only for speakers, but also for listeners. Besides, it’s a tough job for the japanese-leamers to understand, due to unfamiliarity with the dialogue with -kana in it, when and where it shows up, what’s speaker’s actual intention and how to use it properly and correctly.To clarify the functions of the -kana, herein some dialogue examples to be found, which are collected from TV drama, talk-show and textbooks. This essay first categorized the use of the kana by their functions in the conversational context of questions and responses betweeen the speakers and the listeners. Based on these two functions, this essay further analyzes speaker’s intention of using the -kana in the conversation.The findings of this study (on the functions of the -kana) includes:A. Function of Responding: this essay finds that the -kana reflects explicitly the speaker’s muttering. The use of the -kana also conveys the speaker’s uncertainty and suspicion to the listener in order to express the following attitudes: 1) confusion, 2) uncertainty towards the conversation, and 3) inexplicit disagreement to the listener.B. Function of Questioning: this essay finds the use of the -kana is mainly for the speaker to strongly induce the listener to express his/her opinion. It also demonstrates the purpose of: 1) pushing (to demand his/her counterparts offering their opinions or recognition; 2) opinion-expressing (to convey the speaker’s intention, expectation or recognition to the listener).