關於日語動詞和形容詞的考察

An Inspection into Japanese Verbs and Adjectives

本論文的目的在於針對日語的動詞語形容詞，分析並比較其形態變化、語意內涵與句法功能。分析的內容共達十二項，討論的範圍包括動詞與形容詞屈折變化的意義與用法、以及與語態、動貌、否定、語體（即常體、正體與敬體）、時制與情態等因素的連用關係與限制等。論文的結論是：日語動詞與形容詞的共通性是由於二者同屬於「用言」（述語）而且具有敘述與修飾兩種用法的緣故；而其相異性則是由於動詞多表示活動、變化、瞬成而屬於以主事者外元為主語的暫態述語，但形容詞則多表示屬性狀態、感情而以客體內元或成受者外元為主語的恆性述語的緣故。

The present paper discusses Japanese verbs and adjectives with regard to their morphological shapes, semantic contents and syntactic functions. Altogether, 12 more or less separate problems relating to the similarities as well as the differences between Japanese verbs and adjectives are discussed, including the semantics and syntax of morphological changes, the changes in voices, and the coocurrence restrictions between the stems and the aspectual, negative, honorific, modal expressions as well as with tense markers. The conclusion is that the similarities between Japanese verbs and adjectives are due to the fact that both are used as adjectivals modifying nominals as well as verbals functioning as predicates, and their differences due to the fact that while verbs more often than not denote activities, events or achievements and thus belong in satage-level predicates requiring agents as subjects, adjectives usually denote properties or states and thus belong in individual-level predicates taking themes or experiencers as subjects.