日中同形動詞之誤用與學習——以中日兩語在文法上之分歧為主

“Misuse and acquisition of the isomorphous verb by Chinese learners of Japanese”

選擇38個在中日兩語文法表現上有所分歧之日中同形動詞並造句，根據學習者對造句的對錯判斷來分析學習者的日中同形動詞之學習狀況與其誤用傾向。就結果而言，無法斷言在文法上有分歧的日中同形動詞正確回答率必定很低；例如使用助詞「が」、像是「流行」之類的動詞正確回答率就相當高。另外在有「移動」意味的動詞表現中、雖然中文應為SVO構造、但正確回答率也很高。反而是文法上並無分歧、以人為對象的、例如「尊敬」之類的動詞正確回答率卻十分低。這種現象並不只限於台灣人學習者，在中國大陸的調查中也有相同的情形出現。原本雖預測可能學習者的年級越高正確回答率也會越高，但在本次多數大學的調查中卻無法支持這樣的預測；亦即是說誤用並不會隨著長時間學習日語而有所減少。

This paper examines the tendency for Chinese learners to make mistakes when trying to use Japanese verbs. I chose 38 verbs that had a grammatical gap between Japanese and Chinese, and used them (sometimes incorrectly) in short sentences. Learners were asked to decide whether the sentences were right or not.My results indicated that a grammatical gap between Chinese and Japanese did not necessarily lead to a low rate of correct answers. For example, correct answer rates were very high in the case of verbs such as “ryukoo”, and movement verbs such as “sekkin”, even though such verbs can be expressed in a SVO structure in Chinese. In fact, on the contrary, correct answer rates were low in the case of verbs (such as “sonkei”) where no such gap existed. This phenomenon was similar among all learners, regardless of whether their educational backgrounds were Chinese or Taiwanese. In addition, contrary to my expectations, the rate of correct answers did not improve as the academic year progressed.