正言若反的論諍──錢鍾書〈上帝的夢〉之指喻及刺諷試解

A Debate of Paradox Decoding the Metaphors and Irony in Chien Chung-shu’s God-sent Dreams

西方宗教信仰《聖經》與達爾文所提的進化論，為西方的兩大思想，但彼此之間卻存在矛盾。〈上帝的夢〉乃是一篇仿《聖經》的寓言故事，學貫中西的錢鍾書利用文中所創「上帝」一角來論述西方這兩大思想的矛盾與錯謬。錢氏於文中利用科學辯證方法，及老子正言若反的精神論證這兩大理論的衝突，以主角上帝入夢前後分別代表進化論最後的產物及《聖經》中神的角色，得證如進化論為真，進化最後產生的超人即代表能力至強的神，神必後出，這與《聖經》中神創造世人的原則，及神不具人性理論相悖，因為此上帝亦具有「人」性遺習，故《聖經》必為偽。反之，若《聖經》為真，則人將被《聖經》罪與罰的理念所約束，人非分的欲望將會受到神的審判及處罰，如此必使人無法經由不斷進化，產生欲望及能力最強的超人，故進化論必為偽。錢鍾書以「人」性為主軸，科學辯證為方法，中國傳統哲學思想為內涵，戳破西方兩大思想的矛盾與錯謬。

The Bible and Darwin's Theory of Evolution are the two main thoughts in Western societies; however, there are contradictions and clashes between them. Chien, a learned scholar, imitates the fables in the Bible and creates the main character, Lord, in his book, God-sent Dreams. In the book, Chien demonstrates the clashes and ridicules between the Bible and Darwin's Theory of Evolution via scientific discrimination and authentication as well as Lau Tze's paradoxical reasoning. The main character, Lord, represents the both the ultimate outcome of Darwin's Theory of Evolution and the role of God in the Bible. Chien illustrates that if Darwin's Theory of Evolution is true, then the Bible would be false because, according to Darwin's theory, human beings would turn to be super humans and then become mighty gods, which clashes with the teachings of the Bible that God creates human beings and that God does not have habitual behaviors that human beings have. On the contrary, if the Bible is true, then Darwin's Theory of Evolution is false because human beings would be restricted by the beliefs of sins and punishments and judged and punished by God for superfluous desires, which makes it impossible for mortals to become super humans through continuous evolutions. Chien penetrates the cracks of the Bible and Darwin's Theory of Evolution on the basis of humanity, scientific discriminations and authentication and Chinese traditional philosophical thoughts.