《史記》列傳說話術舉證

Research on the speaking skills in 'Shiji'

「說話術」，於本文中，約分為「準備式」與「策略式」說話術之不同。「準備式」說話術，蓋為筆者從坊間「卡內基說話術」中整理而來，講究的是「說話者的準備」，簡言之，即要求說話者在進行「說話術」之前，應作到能使說話內容「首尾並重」、「清晰明瞭」、「心意懇切」等特質，方能成就好的說話內容；而「策略式」說話術，相對而言，是一種對外、即對被說話者的效用講求，是一種講究說話時注重謀篇布局、章法結構、邏輯思考，且尋求效果的「策略」。大抵而言，可分為「訴諸情感式」、「奇言巧語式」兩大類，此二類皆屬於技巧性語言，若妥善運用於說話場合中多能達到預期之目的，故本章即以《史記》列傳為論述範圍，舉證中兩種「說話術」之效用，最後合併貫用，合兩種說話術於一體，相謀為用。可見，不論是策略式說話術，抑或準備式說話術，多能於《史記》中找到例證，足見司馬遷對話敘述藝術之成就！

The so-called ”technical speak”, fundamental research, could be split into the West ”to speak surgery” is different, probably, the Western-style ”talk technical”, that is currently popular ”Carnegie speaking technique”, the emphasis is on a ”speaker ready”, that is intended to ask the speaker to know, in short, that requires the speaker during the ”talk technical” before the content of speech can be done ”both inclusive,” ”clarity,” ”sincere mind” and other qualities, achievements can only say good content, and ”Chinese-style talk technique”, relatively speaking, is an external, that is the speaker of the effectiveness of stress, is a talk by focusing attention to the rules and layout , the rules structure, logical thinking, and for the effect of ”strategy.” Probably concerned, can be divided into ”resort to emotional style”, and ”odd language clever word-type” two categories, the two types of surgery are to speak the language skill, if on occasion to speak, the stock of the situation and the proper use of words approach, is more able to achieve the intended purpose, it is this chapter that the ”Historical Records” Tales for the discussion of the scope of example in the West, ”to speak surgery” of the utility, it is inferior order, the patients were in the West to speak on ”Historical Records” in the example, the last, combined Chinese and Western, combined two kinds of surgery in one speak, as opposed to seeking to use, cover terms of martial arts Mountain Pine, for example, the Western internal (the speaker) the requirements of their patients to speak, as ”gas cases,” the Chinese speaking style technique, the emphasis of foreign policy speech as ”Gladius”, if financial Jian Qi (internal and external) in one, this technique invincible talk, however, the most unusual is that both the Chinese style of speaking patients, or Western-style technique to speak more to the ”Historical Records” to find examples of art shows Sima Qian described the dialogue success!