從風骨到柔婉、餘韻的重視──清代以前對中古詩歌批評的一個轉向

The Respect From “The Strength Of Character” To “Euphemism And Lingering Charm”—A Change About The Comments On Poetry In The Medieval Times Before The Qing Dynasty

清代以前中古詩評中對風骨的看法，大致有由褒至貶的趨向，此現象實已暗示歷朝審美風尚的轉變。藉由「從骨氣奇高到柔婉含蓄之賞愛」、「婉約、餘韻的日受重視」、「從剛健氣骨到剛柔兼具」三大子題的探討，將可具體看出詩歌批評流脈有從重「風骨」到喜「柔婉、餘韻」的發展趨勢。對清代以前中古詩評盡可能周延地觀察，從而釐析出風骨、柔婉餘韻一脈的流變，就詩歌本身而言，在前後朝批評的積累中，確實豐富了觀看詩歌的視野。就風骨、柔婉餘韻此批評主題而言，除了見到中古詩歌批評於該範疇演變的樣貌，更能具體而微地呈現批評史的轉進情形，特別是明朝的詩歌批評，在前代詩評的基礎上，或深入或拓展對中古詩歌於風骨、柔婉餘韻面之闡釋，不論是置於詩評史的脈絡，或者是對中古詩歌的闡釋，都展露出不可輕忽的熠熠光輝。此乃本題探討之意義所在。

Before the Qing Dynasty, the comments on poetry in the medieval times both have changes in contents and evaluation about the strength of character. Take this as a base understanding, we can observe three topics-”the affection from the strength of character to euphemism”, ”the gradually respect about euphemism” and ”from the strength of character to have both strong and soft”. All these topics show the development from ”the strength of character” to ”euphemism and lingering charm”.All the explanations before the Qing Dynasty enrich the way we observe these poems indeed. In addition, we can also see the change in the histary of these comments small but completely. Especially the poetry comments in the Ming Dynasty, they show well in the histary of comments, and explain these poems in a good way. All of these are the meanings of these topics.