成玄英重玄思想的建立──以《老子義疏》第一章為中心

The Construction of Cheng Xuanying’s Twofold Mystery Thoughts: Centered on the First Chapter of Lao Zhi Yi Shu”

道是「虛通之理境」，此理境「妙絕希夷，理窮恍惚」，是「不可以言象求，不可以心慮知」的。然聖人為使人們契解道，因此透過「以理論道」的方式，寄言以詮理，垂跡以顯教。理教的提出，使得原本抽象的道，可以被詮解和認識。而「無名」、「有名」之道的本跡體用的提出，即是對道的分解的說明。無名顯道之虛無之本體，有名顯道通生之跡用，如此一來，道之生物之能、成物之功得以顯見，萬物之存在亦得以說明。萬物既是從道而生，稟有來自於道之德智、正性，因此說「境能發智」。物雖稟有德智，然而落在具體的生活中，卻有「常無以觀其妙」與「常有以觀其徼」的不同。其原因在於道物之間存在著「不一不異」、「而一而異」的關係。「不異」、「而一」保證了物歸於道的可能，「不一」、「而異」則顯見物背離於道的可能，其中關鍵在於物有「迷」、「悟」的不同。物若能「悟」，則回歸於道；物若生「迷」，則背離於道。如何讓物起「悟」而回歸於道，則有賴於修養工夫。「重玄」理論的提出，便是為了使物可透過修養工夫以回歸（勊獲）於道，亦即使「智能勊境」，終而達到「境智相會」的重玄境域。

The Way is an elusive and illuminating realm of li (principle), one that is extremely illusive and exhausting the principle to the utmost on the one hand, while, on the other hand, unreachable by words and forms, and incomprehensible through heart and mind. In order to make the Way understood, the wise discuss the Way through interpreting and manifesting principle in words and traces. The revelation of principle makes the abstract Way interpretable and acknowledgeable. The proposition of the object and utility of the indefinable and definable Way is an explication for the decomposed Way. The indefinable reveals the illusive object of the Way, while the definable manifests the universal utility of the Way. Doing so not only expresses the productive capability and performance of the Way, but also explains the existence of everything.Since everything comes from the Way and, therefore, leads to the intellectual virtue and integral nature, it is said that principle environment is able to breed wisdom. That said, there is a difference in real life as those with desires cannot read the nuance while those without desires catch the fine lines. The difference comes from relations between the Way and things-relations that are different yet the same, unified yet diversified. The sameness and unity ensure that things can rejoin the Way, and the difference and diversity manifest the potential for things to break away from the Way. The key lies in whether things possess the ability to come to senses. Things rejoin the Way if they come to senses, while breaking away from the Way if things go the other way. How to make things come to senses and rejoin the Way calls for the capability of cultivation. And the proposition of the Twofold Mystery answers such calling to cultivate wisdom that catches principle, thereby ultimately reaching the twofold mysterious arena in which principle meets together with wisdom.