倓虛大師年譜──以《影塵回憶錄》為探究中心

Tarn-shiu master biographical chronology

天臺宗耆宿倓虛大師（1875～1963），俗姓王，名福庭，原籍河北寧河縣，北河口北塘莊人。民國六年（1917）大師四十三歲，毅然放下一切，投河北淶水縣高明寺印魁老和尚出家，法名隆銜，號倓虛。不久，依寧波觀宗寺諦閑大師（1858～1932）受戒，入觀宗學社，學習天臺教觀，深得諦老的重視。三年後修學期滿，外出參方，到處講經弘法，興建十方叢林，有營口楞嚴寺、哈爾濱極樂寺、長春般若寺、青島湛山寺等寺院；又創辦佛學院，造就弘法人才，有瀋陽萬壽寺佛學院、哈爾濱極樂寺佛學院、北京彌勒寺佛學院、長春般若寺佛學院、青島湛山寺佛學院等。當時皈依其座下者，不知其數。民國十四年（1925），承蒙諦閑大師與授記莂，傳天臺正宗第四十四代。民國三十八年（1949），時局變化，大師移錫香港，積極講經弘法、培育僧才，創辦華南學佛院、中華佛教圖書館、諦公紀念堂、天臺精舍，並曾任佛聯會會長。民國五十二年（1963）示寂於香港弘法精舍，世壽八十九，僧臘、戒臘四十六，嗣法弟子數十人。大師的著述甚豐，後人編輯成《倓虛大師法彙》、《影塵回憶錄》等行世。本文〈倓虛大師年譜〉的研究主要是根據《影塵回憶錄》的文獻史料，作一番的整理與考證的工作，且以《倓虛大師法彙》、《倓虛大師精華錄》、《湛山倓虛大師示寂記》為輔，旁及與本文主題有關的著述，如：釋東初《中國佛教近代史》、于凌波《民國高僧傳初編》、張淑琴《湛山倓虛法師研究》、黃夏年等主編《民國佛教期刊文獻集成》等。文中將大師的生平事蹟分成三個時期：一、誕生至出家以前的在俗時期（1875～1916）；二、出家後的參學與弘法時期（1917～1948）；三、移錫香港的弘化時期（1949～1963），從中探究倓虛大師的生平事蹟，並於每一時期最後做一「小結」，以檢視大師在該時期的經歷意義與影響。

The tiantai sect sleeps more than sixty years old Tarn-shiu master (1875~1963), lay surname king, famous lucky courtyard, ancestral home Hebei Ninghe county, Bei River Koubei pond village person. In 1917 (1917) master 43 years old, laid down all resolutely north, threw self into river the laishui county wise temple India kui senior buddhist priests to become monk, name in religion prosperous title, number Tarn-shiu. Soon, (1858~1932) is prohibited according to Ningbo view Master Zong Si attentively idle, enters view Zong Xueshe, studies Tientai to teach the view, is deep attentively the old value. After three years study the expiration, egress the senate side, everywhere preach great method, construct ten side jungles, have Yingkou leng Yan Si, the Harbin Jile Temple, Changchun wisdom temple, temples and so on Qingdao zhan Shan Si; Also organizes the college of Buddhism, accomplishes the great legal person talent, has Shenyang Long life Temple College of Buddhism, Harbin Jile Temple College of Buddhism, Beijing Maitreya religion Temple College of Buddhism, Changchun Wisdom Temple College of Buddhism, the Qingdao zhan mountain temple college of Buddhism and so on. At that time was converted under its, did not know its number. In 1925 (1925), was indebted idle master with to give attentively records, passed on the Tientai orthodox school 44th generation. In 1949 (1949), the current political situation change, master moved tin Hong Kong, preached positively great method, cultivates the monk talent, organized the Chinese southern school Buddha courtyard, Chinese Buddhism Library, attentively the male memorial hall, the Tientai lecture hall, and once was appointed the Buddha association synapsis association president. In 1963 (1963) died in the Hong Kong great method lecture hall, the world long-lived 89, the monk sacrificial, abstained sacrificially 46, child law disciple dozens of people. Master's writings really abundant, the posterity edits ”Tarn-shiu Imitates Greatly Collects”, ”Shade Dust Memoirs” and so on the good world.This article research mainly is according to ”Shade Dust Memoirs” the literature historical data, makes a reorganization and the textual research work, Also take ”Tarn-shiu Imitates Greatly Collects”, ”Tarn-shiu Master Essence Record”, ”zhan Master Shan Tarn-shiu Dies Records” as auxiliary, has a side interest in with the this article subject related writings, for example: Shyh Dong-chu's ”Chinese Buddhism Modern history”, Yu Ling- po's ”The Republic of China Eminent monk Passes on Provisional compilation”, Zhang Shuqin's ”Zhan Shan Tarn-shiu the master studies”, and so on Chief Editor Huang Xianian's ”Republic of China Buddhism Periodical Literature Integration” and so on. In the article master's life story will divide into three times: First, the birth to becomes monk beforehand in the vulgar time (1875~1916); Second, becomes monk after senate study and the great method time (1917~1948); Third, moves the tin Hong Kong's great time (1949~1963), inquired into Tarn-shiu master's life story, and finally makes one ”the subtotal” for a while in each the time, inspect master in this time experience significance and the influence.