試析張愛玲小說〈心經〉

An analysis of Eileen Chang's novel on 'The heart sutra'

本文從佛洛伊德說的前伊底帕斯情結（戀母情結）與佛經《心經》「識蘊」、「苦 諦」探析張愛玲小說〈心經〉。將原慾性本能、戀母情結與「識」相通之處對照小說〈心 經〉，指出小說重點不在戀父情結，張愛玲想凸顯每個人都有的前伊底帕斯情結對女性 造成的影響。許家三人都有潛意識裡未克服的問題，互相影響，成為家庭悲劇。小說 描述的不是佛經「照見五蘊皆空，度一切苦厄」的境界，並從張愛玲其他作品觀察她如 何看人世，她最關注的是人性，雖以跟佛經一樣的名稱來命名，並不是要追求出脫， 藉筆下人物展現出人性的困陷、掙扎，寄予悲憫與同情。

The study explores Eileen Chang's Heart Sutra based on Freud's opinion of the Oedipus Complex and Vijnana-Skandh – the aggregate of consciousness, and also the dogma of suffering from the Heart Sutra in Buddhism. The similarities were discovered and compared among the Libido Drive - a concept originated by Sigmund Freud, the Oedipus Complex and the Vijnana-Skandh – the aggregate of consciousness, then further analyzed with Eileen Chang's version of the Heart Sutra. Instead of expressing the significance on the Electra Complex in her novel, Chang emerged the notion of how pre-Oedipal phase of development in femininity could have effects on individuals. The subconscious minds buried unresolved dilemmas within all three characters in Xu's family to create influences on each other and ultimately led to a family tragedy. Unlike the common understanding in the Buddhists' Heart Sutra to reach the level of “finding the emptiness of all the Five Aggregates and undergoing all suffering and difficulty”, Chang demonstrated explicit interest in humanity and consistently described how she observes life through her works. Though named after the Heart Sutra in Buddhism, it is not Chang's intention to escalate herself or to be emotionally detached, she often projects compassion and sympathy toward human miseries and struggles in the characters she composed.