歷代詠漢高祖詩主題轉化

Different topics of the historical poetry of Liubang

《史記》對後代文學影響深遠，詠史一類更成為歷代詩人喜愛的寫作題材。漢高祖 劉邦開啟平民立國典型，成為極具代表性的帝王典範，也成為歷代詩人詠史常見的主題 之一。綜觀歷代詠漢高祖詩，主要可分成三個主題，第一、唐代與北宋詩人主要著眼於 劉邦年少時的神異事蹟，認為是受命而王的表徵，以褒揚高祖建立漢朝之功業。第二、 南宋及元代文人多以高祖還鄉置酒、登臺作〈大風歌〉為題，抒發家國之思與對古今興 亡的歷史無奈。第三、明清詩人對高祖稱帝前棄父不顧、稱帝後誅殺功臣等有負恩義的 負面性格，進行個人評議論贊，多有翻案、創意發想之作。

The Records of the Grand Historian' has great influence on future generations of literature. Ancient historical poems has become a favorite of poets writing themes. Liubang, is the first civilian to become the emperor, highly representative of the emperor model. The ancient poets of Liubang deeply impacts on 'The Records of the Grand Historian'. This study attemps to find out how the ancient historical poems accepting and transforming the image of Liubang in “The Records of the Grand Historian”. There are three themes of the historical poetry of Liubang. First, the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty poets mainly focused on the miraculous deed when Liubang was young. They considered the king ordered the characterization to praise the emperor of the Han Dynasty established exploits. Second, the Southern Song and Yuan Dynasty poets mainly use “da-fong-ge” as their topics of the poems, expressed the homelessness country, the rise and fall of dynasty and the history of frustration. Third, the Ming and Qing poets commented about Liubang's bad personality ,cause of abandoning his father and killing officials. Their personal comments were more to reverse the verdict, and had a creative thinking .