戲水：人水關係的除魅與返魅

Taking with Waters: The Disenchantment and Re-enchantment of Human–water Relationship

本文以治理術觀點重述臺灣戲水史，基於人水關係轉變，考察水域的遊憩化，以及除魅和返魅的歷程。清季農墾社會，水是灌溉和航運資源，人水關係充滿苦勞和危險，戲水多屬文人賞玩。日殖時期，水體納入現代治理體制，水的馴化展現於健身兼娛樂的游泳、泛舟、海水浴場、溫泉等文明象徵。戰後初期至1970年代，國共對峙下的海防禁令及都市水岸邊緣化，減少了親水機會，但野溪露營及水庫觀光，延續著水遊憩化趨勢。1980年代以後，戲水安全和救生受重視，水上樂園和養身會館逐漸興盛，水岸保育則開啟了生態遊憩。1990年代晚期以降，親水空間營造、都市水岸再生，以及解禁後海岸的觀光節慶化，使得水域發展不僅導向遊憩，還蔚為地方振興策略。

The article traces the history of water recreation in Taiwan along the changing human-water relationships with the concept of governmentality. The processes of recreationalization, disenchantment and re-enchantment of waters are revealed. Water used to be resource of irrigation and shipping in the agricultural society in Qing Dynasty. The human-water relationship by then was full of toil and dangers, and water recreation was only an entertainment of Literati. In the Japanese colonial era, waters were incorporated into a modern governance regime. The domestication of waters embodied in the exercises and entertainments, such as swimming, boating, bathing beach and hot spring, as symbols of civilization. From post-war to 1970’s, although water recreations were limited due to the coastal prohibition policy under the Kuomintang-communist confrontation and the marginalization of urban waterfronts, the trend of recreationalization of waters continued through stream camping and reservoir tours. Safety and lifesaving issues were emphasized after the 1980s. Water parks and health spa became popular by then. While the same time, ecotourism aroused by waterfront protection movements. Finally, booming constructions of accessible waterfront spaces, urban waterfront regeneration, and festivals on the coastal areas came out since the late 1990s. The development of waters became not only a recreation-oriented policy, but also a strategy for local revitalization.