論丹麥普通法院審判軍事案件及國防戰略分析

Analyses Of Danish Courts Reviewing Military Cases And National Defense Strategy

丹麥在1919年廢除軍事審判法庭，復於2005年的軍事司法系統改革工程中，軍事檢察官的職權被從軍事指揮官手裡分離出來。丹麥政府公布最新國防白皮書（2018-2023年）指出，丹麥的國防目標是在加強丹麥王國的主權，確保國家的繼續存在、完整與安全。作為北大西洋公約組織的核心成員國，丹麥警覺到俄羅斯是一股充滿挑戰和強硬的勢力、加上中東和北非的不穩定，為好戰的伊斯蘭主義激進份子奠定了溫床，也為恐怖主義和不規律的遷徙流動創造了基礎。此外，北極的氣候變化和探掘資源的活動帶來持續增長的風險；還有來自網路空間的軍事威脅等，這些都會對丹麥社會的穩定性造成影響。而唯有堅強的國防軍力，才是維護丹麥社會穩定和國家安全的先決條件。本文爰此深入分析丹麥普通法院審判軍事案件與國防戰略方針，冀供我未來軍事司法系統改革之參考。

Military Courts were abolished in 1919. A reform of the Military Criminal Justice System in 2005 separated the powers of the Military Prosecution Service from those of the military commanders. Danish government stated that the purpose of the Danish Defense (DEFENCE AGREEMENT 2018- 2023), is to enforce the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark and ensure the continued existence, integrity and security of the nation. As a core member of the NATO, Denmark is alerted to face a challenging and more assertive Russia; instability in the Middle East and North Africa provides a breeding ground for militant Islamism that creates the foundation for terrorism and irregular migration flows. Besides, Arctic climate change and increased activity has brought increasing risks; furthermore, the threats from cyberspace etc. would cause serious security and socioeconomic consequences. A robust Danish defense and preparedness is the prerequisite for a safe society and able to cope with the new security situation. This paper aims to introduce Danish courts review military cases and global defensive strategies for our military justice system reform reference in the future.