我國第三部門法制規範之歷史制度分析

Examining the Norms of the Third Sector in Taiwan: a Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

我國於1929年即訂定且施行「民法總則」，規範公益性法人之設立與登記及其法律上之地位，開啟第三部門的法制規範。1947年實施的「中華民國憲法」第14條雖規定：「人民有集會結社之自由」，但是長期受政治環境等諸多不利因素的影響，政府對於人民的結社自由有諸多管制，使得第三部門的發展受到相當程度的限制。至1992年將「動員勘亂時期人民團體法」修正名稱與全文為「人民團體法」，方使人民的結社自由方獲得初步保障，第三部門亦隨之蓬勃發展。本文主要透過新制度主義的歷史制度論，對我國第三部門有關法制規範進行歷史的檢視，並對現行的有關法規進行檢討，就司法院大法官會議解釋釋字第644號等有關解釋的論點，提出本文對於第三部門法制的改革建議。

In 1929, “the Civil Code” was stipulated and implemented in R.O.C. It has not only provided the establishment, registration and status of law to public legal person but opened the legal norms of the third sector. Article 14 of the Constitution which stipulated in 1947 prescribes that the people shall have the freedom of association, however, abided by the effects of unfavorable factors like political environment, there are a great deal of controls of association to people and restrict the development of the Third Sector. Until 1992, when “the Civic Organizations Act of the Period of National Mobilization for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion” has amended to “the Civic Organizations Act,” it ensured tentatively the Freedom of association, and brought about the flourishing development of the Third Sector. Therefore, this paper will exam the norms of the Third Sector and its historical contexts through the perspective of historical institutionalism, look over the current relevant regulations, base on the Judicial Yuan's Interpretations (ex.No.644, June 20, 2008), and propose the suggestions of reform for the norms of the Third Sector, too.