澳洲新能源之整體法規與政策之發展與趨勢

Recent Developments of Renewable Energy Laws and Policies in Australia

人類的生活環境因科技之進步與發展，使得氣候變化受到影響，各國紛紛採取各種政策與措施，欲改善能源之使用，並達到開源節流，基於環保與永續經營之關係，澳洲亦積極開發再生能源，以降低氣候變遷對環境之危害。
本文分析澳洲再生能源使用狀況、推動再生能源政策之背景因素與其近年來新能源政策之發展，並以介紹強制性再生能源目標（Mandatory Renewable Energy Target, MRET）與再生電力能源之立法為主軸，旨在闡述其實施方式、內容與其成效、影響和利弊。
此強制性再生能源目標於2001 年開始實施，為全世界第一個法規強制性的再生能源目標，由澳洲政府單位-氣候變遷與能源效率部策劃並指定再生能源管理局執行，透過市場交易，強制義務方達到再生能源目標，並透過立法，建立再生能源憑證之交易貨幣，以再生能源憑證買賣的方式，促進澳洲再生電能的發展，提高再生能源之使用。其後並多次修改本政策，自2007年上修MRET之目標，爾後迄今之修正次數更多、篇幅更大，主要之修正為2009年之擴大型再生能源目標與2010 年之加強型再生能源目標。
本研究藉由研究澳州再生能源，觀察該國推動再生能源政策與法規之各項作為，惟其能源政策與立法會因該國政治力的介入與各項政策的實施而有變動之趨勢，須再對其做後續追蹤，而本文重點之強制性再生能源目標訂有定期評估審查制度，往後亦須再觀察與分析，相信澳洲這個率先實施的強制性再生能源目標，經由法規繼而改變再生能源使用之方式能作為各國學習與借鏡之對象。

With the development in technology, many countries have taken actions to improve the usage of energy from “save the traditional energy” into “develop the alternative energy”. Australia also follows this trend and makes a great amount of efforts on it.
This article discusses the recent development and trends of renewable energy in Australia. Aiming to introduce the development of Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (MRET) and its legislations, the authors further analyze the pros and cons and its outcomes. This article further explores the recent revised actions under the MRET framework.
The MRET was brought into force in 2001, and it is the first mandatory target of renewable energy. Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, a governmental organization, makes the plans of MRET and designates the Office of the Renewable Energy Regulator to carry out the tasks related to MRET. The target is reached by trading the Renewable Energy Certificates to increase the percentage of renewable energy. Moreover, the main changes of MRET are the target raise in 2007, Expanded Renewable Energy Target in 2009 and Enhanced Renewable Energy Target in 2010.
Meanwhile, by analyzing the renewable electricity energy trend in Australia, the authors believe that the political influence and policy changes will impact the following development of MRET, and this experience of MRET can provides a plenty of countries a good reference in renewable industry.