我國緩起訴制度之研究──以施用毒品罪為中心

A study on the Deferred Prosecution in R.O.C. – Focusing on the Drug Use

為引進緩起訴制度，我國於2002年2月8日修正公布刑事訴訟法部分條文，除明文規範檢察官舉證責任及當事人主導證據調查之訴訟構造外，並增設起訴審查、緩起訴與交付審判等制度，其中「緩起訴制度」涉及檢察官起訴裁量權之運作，不但期待這項制度設計可以有效的減輕訟源，更加有效率的運用司法資源，亦擴大了檢察官起訴裁量的權限。
另一方面，我國自1998年制定「毒品危害防制條例」後，對於施用毒品犯的處遇加入勒戒及強制戒治等處遇措施，欲以醫療手法幫助施用毒品者重回社會，然而隨著施用毒品者再犯率及監獄超額收容的情形日趨惡化，刑事處遇的成效飽受質疑。在減少案源，避免司法資源的浪費等因素下，於2008年於「毒品危害防制條例」創設附命完成戒癮治療之緩起訴制度新制，即俗稱美沙冬替代療法。
本文從刑事訴訟法之緩起訴制度著手，再比較日、德、美等國類似之緩起訴制度，透過歷史研究、比較研究及案例研究等方法，瞭解並比較刑事訴訟法之緩起訴及毒品危害防制條例之附命完成戒癮治療之緩起訴間之二者間之異同，再提出法令修正時的建議。

On February 8, 2002, ROC＇s Code of Criminal Procedure was promulgated, introducing the deferred prosecution system. In addition to including prosecutor＇s burden of proof and party domination of evidence investigation, the litigation system featured prosecution review (indictment review), deferred prosecution, and committal for trial. Since deferred prosecution depends on the prosecutorial discretion, this policy effectively reduced litigations, utilized judicial resources more efficiently, and expanded prosecutorial discretion.
Since ROC stipulated the “Statute for Narcotics Hazard Control＂ in 1998, treatment for drug offenders included rehabilitation and compulsory drug abstention. Its objective was to provide medical treatment and help drug users reenter society. However, due to the increased recidivism rate of drug offenders and overcrowding prisons, the statute was challenged. An amended policy was introduced in 2008 to reduce litigations and wastes in judicial resources. It was called the “Statute for Narcotics Hazard Control,＂ offering a new supplementary deferred-prosecution system combined with drug abstention and treatment, which was referred to as the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).
Based on the deferred prosecution system of ROC＇s Code of Criminal Procedure, we evaluated similar systems in Japan, Germany, and USA from historic, comparative law, and case study perspectives. We compared the similarities and dissimilarities between the deferred prosecution system in the Code of Criminal Procedure and the supplementary deferred-prosecution system, which combines drug abstention and treatment under the Statute of Narcotics Hazard Control. To conclude this study, some suggestions for future law amendments are proposed.