顯示介面、作業時間及球速對訊號偵檢理論、視覺疲勞與虛擬空間存在感的影響－－以3D棒球遊戲為例

Effects Of Display Interface, Operation Time, and Speed on Signal Detection Theory, Visual Fatigue, and Presence: An Example of 3D Baseball Games

隨著科技的演進，3D 顯示的技術已日漸普及。過去極少有研究應用訊號偵檢理論 (SDT) 於3D 遊戲的評估，因此本研究即應用SDT 於3D 棒球遊戲之人因評估。本研究徵募共30 名受試者參與實驗，研究目的為探討不同顯示介面 (2D 電視介面、3D 頭戴式顯示器 (Head Mounted Display, HMD) 介面)、作業時間 (5、10、15 分鐘) 及球速 (130 km/hr、150 km/hr) 對命中率、漏失率、正棄率、誤判率、Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) 以及iGroupPresence Questionnaire (IPQ) 的影響。研究結果指出顯示介面和作業時間在命中率、漏失率、SSQ 及IPQ 為顯著的因子，電視的績效均比HMD 來的好。隨著作業時間的增加，命中率降低且視覺疲勞提升。在漏失率和IPQ 部分，顯示介面和球速的交互作用、球速和作業時間的交互作用分別為顯著的因子。本研究指出2D 介面較適合棒球遊戲，雖然3D HMD 介面能讓整個視野被包覆並提供較高的虛擬空間存在感，但仍有較高的視覺疲勞。建議使用者在玩3D 遊戲時，應選較慢的球速且避免遊戲時間過長，才不會造成較高的視覺疲勞。

With the evolution of technology, the 3D display has become a populardisplay technology in the market. Few studies have used signal detectiontheory (SDT) to evaluate the performance in 3D games, and therefore, SDTwas used to evalute a 3D baseball game in this study. Thirty participantswere recruited in this experiment and the purpose of this study is to investigatethe effect of display interface (2D TV interface and 3D Head MountedDisplay (HMD) interface), operation time (5, 10, 15 minutes), and speed (130km/hr, 150 km/hr) on the possibilities of hit, miss, correct rejection, and falsealarm, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), and iGroup Presence Questionnaire(IPQ). The results indicated that display interface and operation timewere significant on the possibilities of hit, miss, SSQ, and IPQ, where theperformance of TVs performs better than that of HMDs. With the incrementof operation time, the possibility of hits devcreased and visual fatigueincreased. In the possibility of miss and IPQ, the interaction between displayinterface and speed, and the interaction between speed and operation timewere significant, respectively. This study concluded that the 2D TV interfaceis more suitable than the 3D HMD interface for baseball games. Althoughthe 3D HMD interface covered participants’ whole eyesight and providedhigh presence, it did bring high visual fatigue. It is recommended that usersshould choose low speed mode and try to avoid long time playing, and thenhigh visual fatigue will be avoided.