應用共同成本函數探討東亞六國銀行業之生產效率

AN EXAMINATION OF BANKS EFFICIENCY FOR SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES USING THE METAFRONTIER COST FUNCTION

1997下半年發生的亞洲金融風暴，衝擊許多亞洲國家經濟活動，為瞭解這些國家銀行業在金融風暴發生以後，成本效率是否提升，並比較 它們的效率差異，本研究採用共同成本函數(meta-cost function)，針對香港、泰國、馬來西亞、南韓、台灣及日本等六國銀行業進行分析。實證結果發現金融風暴以後，各國銀行廠商生產函數發生改變；技術缺口比率和共同成本效率最高的是日本，表示該國銀行廠商使用的生產技術，居六國之冠。平均而言，各國若在共同邊界上生產，能節省15.3％至43.2％的生產成本。多數國家銀行廠商處於固定和遞增規模報酬階段和擁有多元經濟，為充份發揮資源共享優勢，同時提供多種金融商品，可降低生產成本。

During the Asian financial turmoil, many Asian countries were heavily hit. To investigate whether the production efficiency of the banks in this area has been enhanced after the financial crisis, we use the stochastic frontier approach along with a meta-cost function model to estimate their technical efficiency. The meta-cost frontier model enables the calculation of relative technical efficiencies for banks operating under different technologies and of the technology gaps. We collect data from Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan for empirical study. Evidence is found that Japan has the best level of production technology. On average, sample banks can reduce their current expenditure by up to 15.3% to 43.2% in order to produce the same amount of outputs, if they adopt the best technique to produce the outputs. Economies of scale and scope prevail in the sample countries.