蘇花國道興建期及通車後之區域經濟效果分析

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE REGIONAL ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE SU-HWA HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION PLAN

多數國家在經濟發展過程中， 無可避免的產生「區域不平衡成長」， 形成各區域間發展差距問題，而臺灣東部及西部的發展受到自然地形上的差異，此種區域不平衡成長的差距問題甚為明顯。行政院（2002） 研議興建蘇花國道，藉以達成「平衡區域發展」、「觀光客倍增」與「落實全島高快速公路網」等多重目標。在空間經濟學的角度， 運輸建設可增加空間資源運用效率， 縮短區域發展差距。然在過去臺灣西部經濟發展經驗中，臺灣以勞工之權益、環保為代價， 所創造之國際競爭力， 深為部分文化與環保團體疑慮。擔心蘇花國道之興建， 雖增加東部之可及性， 卻同時將犯罪、污染等負面影響引進東部， 破壞臺灣最後一塊淨土。文化與環保極為重要，卻為作者力所未殆。本文僅試圖以區域投入產出模型及多區域變動係數投入產出模型解答， 蘇花國道興建期及通車後， 對於東部與其他區域可能產生的經濟、能源需求、CO2 排放、空氣污染等層面問題。研究結果發現，蘇花國道興建期累計可帶動花蓮地區經濟成長與就業人數增加一倍，但同時會使花蓮地區空氣污染惡化、溫室氣體排放增加約2001年之二倍。花蓮地區興建蘇花國道之投資，透過外溢效果，對北部地區之經濟成長影響較大。通車後因花蓮地區貨物運費節省幅度大， 故其他地區對花東地區之投入係數明顯增加，進而可帶動花東地區之經濟成長效果較大，北部地區則相對減少。

During the process of economic development,many countrieswitnessed anUrbanRural problem. Because of geographic constraints, eastern Taiwan’s development pattern is different from western Taiwan’s. The Executive Yuan(2002) has planned to build the Su-HwaHighway, to achievemultiple goals of balanced regional development, doubling tourist arrivals and island-wide trunk transportation construction. Transportation is an key factor in regional development. The core-periphery relationship is sensitive to transportation, while the negative western Taiwan experiences, such as sacrificing the rights of labor and environmental conditions, make many groups which promote culture and natural ecology hesitant to approve the plan .Themain concern is the worsening of eastern Taiwan’s development. This research tries to apply aMultiregional InputOutput Model and Multiregional Variable Input-Output model, in order to assess economic and environmental impact. This research found that during the building period of Su-Hwa Highway, the economic growth rate and employment growth of Hualienwill be doubled, but the CO2 emission effect and air pollution effects will be triple. And after the Su-Hwa Highway opens , because of the transaction cost saving effect, the Hualien district will have the most economic growth benefit, and the growth effect in the Taipei area is negative.