日據末期戰時工業動員(1941-1945)政策社會層面之影響－－從安記農機廠來觀察

Exploring the Influence of the War Industrial Mobilization Policy from a Social Perspective at End of Japanese Occupation (1941-1945) － An Observation on the An-chi Agricultural Machinery Plant

日本政府統治台灣期間之工業發展特徵以1931年為一個轉捩點，1931年之前為日本資本家企業自由發展時期，1931年以後為統制經濟，具有戰時經濟色彩。本文所探討的重點是在1931年後日本因戰事之需要，而開始對台灣實施工業化以配合軍需供應，特別是1941-1945年間之台灣工業動員時期之措施，這些措施使得本文主角簡安溪先生得以進入屏東「陸軍航空廠」接受金屬加工訓練，習得一技之長，進而在台灣光復後成立養家活口的「安記農機廠」。也同樣在這個期間（1943-1944年），有大約八千多位「造飛機」的台灣少年工（13-20歲），遠赴日本「高座海軍工廠」接受為期三個月的研習後，分派到日本境內眾多的海軍工廠工作，這批台灣少年遠赴他鄉，克服氣候、風土及各種險惡環境（例如空襲），到後來日本戰敗後對這批少年工採取不理不睬的態度相比較，簡先生比這些遠赴他鄉的少年工顯得幸運的多。屏東縣萬丹鄉的「安記農機廠」是一間在台灣戰後所成立（1951年）的私營企業，它是由簡安溪先生創立的，它吸引我們的是在那個工具機還尚未發展很好的時代，他利用一個馬達就能夠將一個小工廠的車床、鑽床、銑床帶動工作，而到目前（2001年）整個機構都還蠻完整的，於是引發科工館將整座小型工廠蒐藏起來的興趣。

The year 1931 can be seen as a turning point in terms of the characteristic of industrial development in the time of Japanese occupation. Before 1931 it was the time of free enterprising development for the Japanese capitalist and after 1931 it was a period of governing the economy in the wartime. This research is aimed at studying the industrialization in Taiwan due to the demand of war after 1931; particularly to the measures in the industrial mobilization period between 1941 and 1945. These measures had influenced Chi an An-si to train at the Army Aviation Plan and learned about metal process technology. Furthermore, he established the An-chi agricultural machinery plant after Taiwan's Retrocession. During 1943 to 1944, there were more than 8,000 Taiwanese workers, varying in ages from 13 to 20. They were dispatched to Kao-chuo Navy Plant in Japan for a 3-month training program. After training, these 'plane-makers' were sent to various Navy Plants in Japan for further work. These young workers from Taiwan faced challenges of climate, social custom, and diverse environments, such as air attack etc. However, they were abandoned after the war. No one had paid any attention to them. Compared with these young workers, Chian An-si was extremely lucky. An-chi agricultural machinery plant, a private enterprise located in Wan-dan Hsiang, Pingtung was established by Chian An-si in 1951 after the war. During that time, machinery was still under development and he already could make use of the tool so well, for instance, he could simply use one motor and drive the work of lathe and drill to lead the function of a small plant. Until today, in year 2001, the entire machinery developed by him is still very complete, which is the motivation of NSTM to collect the small plant.