消失的產業－－從高雄拆船業看博物館的技術典藏

Disappearing Industry-Technology Collection of Museum from the View of Kaohsiung's Old Ship Demolition Industry

本研究以台灣高雄拆船業為研究對象，主要理由是拆船業在台灣經歷完整生命週期，在產業發展上，我國的拆船業在民國58年至77年的20年間，是國際拆船業的重心，因此有拆船王國之稱，此時期從事拆船的業者曾高達202家，拆船業在台灣地區，尤其是高雄的重要性，由此可見一斑。然最近幾年台灣的拆船業急速沒落，至89年為止經統計僅剩37家；而從事拆船業的勞工從近萬餘人到幾百人，這些數字顯示這個行業正面臨重大的衝擊。由於此行業正快速的凋零，然台灣現有的拆船技術卻是前人胼手胝足苦心累積的成果，在拆船業全盛時期，在國際舊船標售的能力上、舊船解體的數量上以及解體的技術及經驗，台灣可說是世界一流領先者。在一個全球質易頻繁的大環境中，任何一種產業若要獲得它安身立命的基礎，則必然要擁有它在國際競爭大局的優勢。拆船業在我國台灣地區從無到有、從先人篳路藍縷，到極盛而衰，以博物館技術典藏的價值來看，拆船業對一個以高雄港作為發展主軸的城市來說，實有其文化的重要性。尤其從拆船業所衍生的產業鏈價值，如高雄市鹽埕區公園二路所形成的五金商店群落現象原因，更是技術典藏所需要研究發掘的產業科技發展現象。

This study surveyed on Kaohsiung's old ship demolition industry and the main reason is because old ship demolition industry in Taiwan has undergone a complete life cycle. Regarding the history of industrial development, Taiwan's old ship demolition industry was the core of all industries in two decades from 1969 to 1988. Taiwan during that time was named the kingdom of old ship demolition with the number of old ship demolition companies up to 202. This proved the importance of old ship demolition in the lead for the industry in Taiwan area, in particular, in Kaohsiung. In recent years, however, old ship demolition industry stumbled and the number of scrapping companies fell to 37. Even the number of workers engaged in the industry dropped from thousands to hundreds. These figures told us that this industry has been hitbadly. Although the industry has been disappearing, yet the current Taiwan's old ship demolition technology is the accumulated result of workers' hard work. Taiwan had been the leader of the old ship demolition world in bidding ability of old ships, amount of scrapped ships, and scrapping technology and experience. In a big environment where has the most frequent and busiest global transaction, any type of industry needs to find its competitive advantage in the international arena in order to survive. In Taiwan, old ship demolition industry began from the starch, came to the peak, and experienced the falling. From the point of view of museum collection, old ship demolition industry for Kaohsiung, a harbor city, has its cultural significance. Industrial chain value added by old ship demolition industry such as the clustering of hardware shop on the roadsides of Kuongyuan 2 Road surely is the phenomena of technical development that needs to be addressed and studiedin the field of technology collection.