博物館活動單設計高層思考技能的探討

Museum Worksheet Design: A Study on High - level Thinking Skills.

本文主要探討博物館活動單設計對於高層思考技能的考量，並以概念構圖的活動作為設計活動的思考範例。對於高層思考技能可分為記憶性思考（Recalling）、概化性思考（generalizing）、對焦性思考（focusing）、組織性思考（organizing）、比較性思考（comparing）、分析性思考（analyzing）、評質量性思考（evaluating）、綜合性思考（synthesizing）、演譯性思考（deducing）推論性思考（inferring）及想像性思考（imagining）等十一類群。而各種思考的特質甚難區別，通常單一類群之思考技能也需使用到其他類群的思考技能，如組織性的思考可能也用到比較及記憶等思考技能。

This paper explores the consideration of museum worksheet design as related to high-level thinking skills, and takes activities of concept-mapping as an example of worksheet design. High-level thinking skills are categorized into eleven groups: recalling, generalizing, focusing, organizing, comparing, analyzing, evaluating, synthesizing, deducing, inferring and imagining. The distinction among these categories is hard to draw. Usually one group of thinking skill s needs to apply other groups of thinking s kills as well. For example, in organizing skill s, comparing and recalling might also be involved. Approaches applied to high-level thinking skills include problem solving, worksheet design, decision-making and concept-mapping. Therefore, designers plan out tour activities and write the work sheet for particular themes in the museum. Different learning approaches can be employed in various museum worksheet designs so as to provide opportunities for visitors to engage in different thinking activities, which are beneficial for the application and learning of thinking skills.