非營利機構之義工工作滿意度研究－－以「國立科學工藝博物館」為例

A Survey of Satisfaction among Volunteers in a Non-profit Organization Based on the National Science and Technology Museum

社會所有的資源，是博物館永續發展的憑藉，尤在面對現代瞬息多變之資訊社會，博物館在有限的經費和員額編制下，要發揮其時代使命與社教功能，返求社會的協助是必然的趨勢，若能善加利用當地資源，則對博物館的收藏、研究、展示及教育活動等各方面， 均有提昇的作用（黃淑芳，1997）。隨著國民所得提高，休閒時間逐漸增長，國人較有能力利用閒暇之餘參與各項志願性或義務性之社會服務工作。行政院主計處在民國83年10月的統計，在83年間15歲以上的人口曾參與自願性社會服務工作種類（如表1），顯示出文化、康樂服務工作僅佔4.2%（簡瑜慧，1998）。義工制度至令仍是大多數博物館相當倚重的人力資源，而在資源有限，競爭激烈的環境下，如何留住及吸引義工，減低流動率，是博物館營運管理重要的一環，因此本研究試從義工工作滿意的角度來探討，期望能從研究所得之結果，能有效的運用寶貴的人力資源，使義工在博物館， 再次找到生涯的第二春，博物館也更發揮社教機構所肩負的使命與功能。

In today's rapidly changing and highly competitive society, one of the roughest questions facing the managers of a non-profit organization is how to make the best use of available resources given limited funding and personnel. Volunteers represent a critical resource for most museums, and this study looks at the volunteer system used at the National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM) to try to determine the level of satisfaction among the volunteers who serve there. This includes satisfaction in seven areas: supervision, those they work with, their own duties, development of their own abilities, their work environment, benefits and compensations, and satisfaction with their contributions to society. These findings will be used to help attract and retain volunteers and to keep down the rate of turnover among staff. Analysis of the replies to the questionnaires reveals that although volunteers are readily willing to support and serve the museum, there are still many areas where the museum has not lived up to their expectations, and some changes need to be made in the future. As an educational institution it is very important for a museum to be in tune with the society around it. In line with the concept of life-long study, the museum should provide training and classes for volunteers so they will have a chance to study and learn. This will give volunteers a greater sense of participation and satisfy their need for self-satisfaction and growth. It will also help them to better understand the institution and eventually contribute to the long-term operation and development of the museum.