論瑪汀•凱伊特的《奇特的是活下去》及《離家》中之女性主體、母性及城市空間

The Consolidation of Female Subjectivity, Motherhood and Urban Space in Carmen Martin Gaite's Lo raro es vivir and Irse de casa

《奇特的是活下去》（Lo raro es vivir）及《離家》（Irse de casa）是瑪汀•凱伊特（Carmen Martin Gaite）在九○年代兩部深入探討空間、女性認同及母性議題的重要小說作品。《奇特的是活下去》於一九九六年出版，是一部以倒敘、自傳體的形式，描寫女主角艾格達（Agueda Soler）的個人生命劇變及闡明身分認同危機的感人作品。艾格達是年約三十五歲的女性專業檔案工作者，正面臨母親的驟逝、中風的外祖父即將邁入人生終點的雙重考驗。基於對死亡的恐懼與不安，女主角徘徊在馬德里城市街道，展開個人對生命的省思。《離家》於一九九八年出版，是瑪汀•凱依特逝世前完整出版的最後一部長篇小說。小說主要是敘述年約六十四歲的知名服裝設計師安芭羅（Amparo Miranda）的生命之旅，她於紐約居住多年後，決定返回西班牙造訪自己的出生地，回味昔日的家鄉地景及年少時光。在這趟充滿懷鄉、尋根意涵的旅程裡，女主角安芭羅攜帶從事電影工作的兒子傑洛米（Jeremy）為她所撰寫的電影腳本，她依循劇本所記載的地景，漫步於家鄉的城市街道，逐漸坦然面對遺忘的歲月，而終能重建過去的生命片段。本文試圖聚焦於女性角色在《奇特的是活下去》及《離家》如何尋求私有／封閉、公共／開放空間的平衡，及詮釋回歸母性與家庭的重要性。也將分析瑪 汀•凱伊特如何詮釋小說中女性漫遊者的角色，在其城市漫遊的旅程中，城市空間如何影響個人認知及追尋自我之能力，再現女性多重角色的扮演。

Lo raro es vivir and Irse de casa are two important novels of the 1990s by Carmen Martin Gaite that highlight the themes of space, identity and the issue of maternal authority. Lo raro es vivir (1996) recounts a time of trial and personal upheaval for Agueda Soler, a 35-year-old professional archivist, who has just lost her mother and her maternal grandfather is also nearing the end of his life. It is the fear of the death in her immediate family circle that leads Agueda to wander through the streets of Madrid as a series of journeys of search for personal identity. Irse de casa (1998) tells the story of the return of Amparo Miranda, a successful fashion designer who has lived most of her life in New York, to her home town in Spain. In this journey of nostalgia, Amparo meanders through the corners and streets of her home town, following the spatial traces of a film script written by Jeremy, Amparo's son. In the end, Amparo reconstructs her fragmentary and repressed past and finds a renewed focus for her future. The present essay aims to analyze how the female characters in both novels seek the balance of private/enclosed and public/open spaces in order to recognize the significance of motherhood. Furthermore, we will study how Martin Gaite portrays the character of flaneuse, who, in the process of urban flanerie, attempts to demonstrate the ways in which the city space affects women's search for their own identity and self-awareness and represents the multiple roles played by women.