阿拉伯語序數

The Ordinal Numbers in the Arabic Language

此論文在探討人們在日常生活中使用的序數型態與意義，在阿拉伯語的使用中，序數與基數在句子中的位置及其與所數名詞之間的性別、數目與格位的關係阿拉伯人在使用序數時，並未遵循一致的型態，譬如「第一」的陽性al-awwal及陰性al-ula與基數「一」的陽性al-wahid和陰性al-wahidah並無詞彙上的關聯性。對「第一」的表達，阿拉伯語顯然與其他閃語雷同。從「第二」到「第十」都遵循fa‘il的詞型。若數目字屬於結合式（al-murakkab）或組合式（al-ma‘tuf）， 則其個位數遵循序數fa‘il詞型，十位數保持基數的型態。百、千等單位，亦使用基數的詞型。當基數型態出現在序數中，僅以定冠詞al來區別。本論文除了說明序數在阿拉伯語裡與所數名詞呈現形容詞與被形容詞之關係，在性別、數目、格位、已未知上須彼此協調，其使用往往因前後文而有不同之外，尚在歸納阿拉伯母語人士及非母語人士使用序數時常犯的錯誤，並提出解決這些語言錯誤的方法，使學生在運用序數時避免這些常犯錯誤。

This paper deals with a key linguistic matter, which people have always needed to use and employ it in their everyday life. This matter is the Ordinal numbers. Ordinal numbers are defined as words describing the counted nouns telling their order among other things. Its significance is derived from its method of formulation and its location in the sentence respectively to the counted noun. The counted noun, in most cases, is preceded by the ordinal number, which tells its order among other things. The ordinal numbers are different from the Cardinal numbers, which tell the amount and quantity of the counted noun. It is noticed that Arabic language has more than one way in expressing the Ordinal Numbers, for example; number one (wahid) its corresponding ordinal number differs from the original word, so we say (al-‘awal) to indicate the ordinal number for masculine, and (al-‘ula) to indicate the ordinal number for feminine. Arabic language is similar to other Semitic Languages regarding this matter in terms of formulating the ordinal number for the original number (one). Ordinal numbers for its corresponding singular Cardinal numbers from two to ten use the form (fa’el), while composing numbers use the form (fa’el) for the first part of this number while keeping the second part as it is. The numbers (20，30，…)，one hundred, one thousand and the likes are used in its original formulations to indicate its ordinal numbers while adding only the definite article (al) to it. This study shows that ordinal numbers are primarily used as adjectives for the counted noun, which proceeds it. This ordinal number will follow the counted noun in terms of being definite or indefinite, masculine or feminine and declension. These ordinal numbers may be used in different cases, hence the declension should be changed as required following the context. This paper also deals with pointing out the possible errors in the use of Ordinal Numbers among Arabic language learners, whether they are natives or foreigners, with the hope of watching it out, addressing it and to help students overcome these errors, which would make it easier for them to acquire the needed skills in order to use these ordinal numbers in a correct manner.