空間、女性身份認同及母性：研讀瑪汀‧凱伊特的《變化多端的雲》（Nubosidad variable）

Approaches to Space, Female Identity and Motherhood in Carmen Martín Gaite’s Nubosidad variable

《變化多端的雲》（Nubosidad variable）於一九九二年出版，是瑪汀‧凱依特（Carmen Martín Gaite）繼出版《後室》（El cuarto de atrás）之後再次受到讀者與文評家肯定的暢銷經典小說。在結構上，本作品以書信及雜記的交替方式呈現作家先前經常探討的議題，例如：尋求對談者與文本書寫的關係、歷史與記憶對於自我的成長、身體空間與物質世界如何影響個人（尤其是女性）之身份認同，以及母性、母親與女兒的對立關係等相關議題。《變化多端的雲》主要敘述兩位童年摯友蘇菲亞（Sofía Montalvo）及瑪莉安娜（Mariana León）在多年後重逢，重建友誼的感人故事。兩人皆面臨中年危機，對於目前的生活現況極為不滿意。兩位女主角透過書信與雜記，分享個人坎坷的生命體驗，終究不再對於個人的身分認同充滿疑懼，也得到長久以來所渴望的自由。本文試圖聚焦於空間、女性身份認同及母性等議題如何呈現在《變化多端的雲》。本文將研究不同的空間如何激發女主角對自由的渴望，解構傳統女性侷限於居家/私有領域的刻版形象。我們也將探討女主角蘇菲亞如何透過夢境與過世的母親和解，重新檢視母親的主體性，以及思索母性在九0 年代社會變遷下的意含。

Nubosidad variable (Variable Cloud), published in 1992, has been considered by critics and readers as another masterpiece of Carmen Martín Gaite after the successful publication of El cuarto de atrás. Written alternatively in letter form and in a confessional notebook style, the novel subtly develops some of the author’s previous key themes, including the themes of search for the interlocutor in relation to the written text, the impact of history and memory in the development of one’s sense of self, the importance of physical space and material objects in influencing (female) identity, as well as the treatment of motherhood and of its conflicting relations between mothers and daughters. Nubosidad variable recounts the story of the renewal friendship between Sofía Montalvo and Mariana León, formerly close childhood friends, who have separated early in adulthood but meet again by chance in an art exhibition. Both characters face a mid-life crisis, dissatisfied with their present lives. Through an exchange of their writings, Sofia and Mariana share their personal experiences and finally recuperate the identity and freedom they have desired. The present essay attempts to explore space, female identity and motherhood as central focuses in Nubosidad variable by Carmen Martín Gaite. We will analyze how space provokes the female protagonists’ anxiety for the liberation, and subverts the notion of domestic and enclosed spaces for women. Moreover, we will study how Sofia reconciles with her mother by means of a dream to re-evaluate maternal subjectivity and to reflect upon the significance of motherhood in the society of the nineties.