論傑哈奈何瓦爾《東方之旅》中主體身分的尋覓

The Quest of Identity of Nerval in Voyage to the Orient

在《一千零一夜》這個民間故事的影響下，西方世界將東方與美、靈性、知識與神奇作連結。許多十九世紀浪漫主義者皆曾探訪此文明搖籃，奈何瓦爾即為其中之一。本文主旨在於分析其作品《東方之旅》中所呈現的其特有的主體身分之覓尋。奈何瓦爾的東方之旅主要有治療他於1841 年因精神瘋狂住院後之用。他自稱精神遭受「震撼」，但並未瘋狂，他要到他視為母親的土地尋找根源。論文首先論述奈何瓦爾特有的旅遊方式與遊記在此影響下的結構。即便是在康復期，他依然試著利用此趟旅途寫出原創性的作品。接著分析作者如何將真實的東方據為己有以助他進行更豐盛的探索。他採用的方式主要在於去除自身的西方人的外表裝扮，並學習在地的語言──阿拉伯文，以融入人群。論文的第三部分探討奈何瓦爾在遊記中表現有類似波特萊爾的直覺能力，致力重尋人與人之間原本具有宗教意涵的真正聯繫。此外本論文也對包含在遊記中的兩個神話──《回教領袖哈根之史》《瑪坦皇后與沙利門王子》，進行分析，因這兩個傳說匯聚了奈何瓦爾對其身分追尋的許多象徵意涵。然而儘管此作品有著充滿熱情的敘述，最後所釋放出的真相卻是憂傷的，因為即便在對多種信仰與文化探索後，人最終依然無法擺脫盤據在心的靈性的空洞。

Under the influence of the folk tales, One Thousand and One Nights, the west associates the orient with beauty, spirituality, knowledge and wonder. For this reason, in the 19th century, many romanticists visited this cradle of humanity. Geard de Nerval was one of them. This paper aims to analyze the particular way Nerval conducts his quest of identity in his novel, Voyage to the Orient. For Nerval, this trip aimed firstly to recover him from his madness. Though he was sent to a mental hospital for a crisis of madness in 1841, he felt that he was just “shaken” but not mentally ill. He wanted to look for his origins by visiting this area which was like a motherland for him. This paper begins by presenting Nerval’s way of traveling in a foreign country, and explains how this particular way decides the structure of his travel writing. Even in his convalesce, Nerval tried to create an original literary work with this travel. The second chapter studies how Nerval appropriated the real orient to himself in order to better explore it. During this trip, Nerval abandoned his appearance as a western man, and studies Arabic to become completely integrated into the life of the local people. What Nerval looks for is a way to rediscover the essential relationship between the human beings and its original religious meaning. For the fourth part, this paper interprets two mythologies, History of Caliph Hakem, History of queen Matin et Soliman, prince of genius, included in the novel. In fact, these two legends converge to Nerval’s quest for identity. Although this work by Nerval is full of passion, the final truth it delivers is melancholic. Even after making multiple religious and cultural explorations, a man still can’t be completely rid of the metaphysical emptiness.